Phrasebook

em to have to do something / must   »   ad ШIэгъэн фае

72 [seventy-two]

to have to do something / must

to have to do something / must

72 [тIокIищрэ пшIыкIутIурэ]

72 [tIokIishhrje pshIykIutIurje]

ШIэгъэн фае

[ShIjegjen fae]

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must шI----н-ф-е шIэгъэн фае ш-э-ъ-н ф-е ----------- шIэгъэн фае 0
shIj-g--- --e shIjegjen fae s-I-e-j-n f-e ------------- shIjegjen fae
I must post the letter. Сэ-п---мэ -г-----н---е. Сэ письмэ згъэхьын фае. С- п-с-м- з-ъ-х-ы- ф-е- ----------------------- Сэ письмэ згъэхьын фае. 0
S-- pi-'m-- zg---'y----e. Sje pis'mje zgjeh'yn fae. S-e p-s-m-e z-j-h-y- f-e- ------------------------- Sje pis'mje zgjeh'yn fae.
I must pay the hotel. С- х-акI-щып---р--т-н--ае. Сэ хьакIэщыпкIэр стын фае. С- х-а-I-щ-п-I-р с-ы- ф-е- -------------------------- Сэ хьакIэщыпкIэр стын фае. 0
Sj---'akI-e-h-y--Ij-- s--- fae. Sje h'akIjeshhypkIjer styn fae. S-e h-a-I-e-h-y-k-j-r s-y- f-e- ------------------------------- Sje h'akIjeshhypkIjer styn fae.
You must get up early. О жь-у-ук-эт---ы- -а-. О жьэу укъэтэджын фае. О ж-э- у-ъ-т-д-ы- ф-е- ---------------------- О жьэу укъэтэджын фае. 0
O---'-e- u------d-hyn----. O zh'jeu ukjetjedzhyn fae. O z-'-e- u-j-t-e-z-y- f-e- -------------------------- O zh'jeu ukjetjedzhyn fae.
You must work a lot. О --фыб--пшI-- --е. О Iофыбэ пшIэн фае. О I-ф-б- п-I-н ф-е- ------------------- О Iофыбэ пшIэн фае. 0
O-I-f-b-e p-hIj-n f--. O Iofybje pshIjen fae. O I-f-b-e p-h-j-n f-e- ---------------------- O Iofybje pshIjen fae.
You must be punctual. Ш-ыпк-а--э -х----- -ае. Шъыпкъагъэ пхэлъын фае. Ш-ы-к-а-ъ- п-э-ъ-н ф-е- ----------------------- Шъыпкъагъэ пхэлъын фае. 0
Sh-pk---e p-je-y-----. Shypkagje phjelyn fae. S-y-k-g-e p-j-l-n f-e- ---------------------- Shypkagje phjelyn fae.
He must fuel / get petrol / get gas (am.). А--(х--лъ-ыг-) гъ-сты-ыпхъэ-и--к-аг-. Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) гъэстыныпхъэ ищыкIагъ. А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) г-э-т-н-п-ъ- и-ы-I-г-. ------------------------------------- Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) гъэстыныпхъэ ищыкIагъ. 0
A----(hul-yg)---est--yph---i----kI--. Ashh (hulfyg) gjestynyphje ishhykIag. A-h- (-u-f-g- g-e-t-n-p-j- i-h-y-I-g- ------------------------------------- Ashh (hulfyg) gjestynyphje ishhykIag.
He must repair the car. Ащ-(--улъ--гъ---аш-н-р ыгъэц--Iэ-ь-н фае. Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) машинэр ыгъэцэкIэжьын фае. А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) м-ш-н-р ы-ъ-ц-к-э-ь-н ф-е- ----------------------------------------- Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) машинэр ыгъэцэкIэжьын фае. 0
A--h---u-------------er-y---c---I-e--'-n-fae. Ashh (hulfyg) mashinjer ygjecjekIjezh'yn fae. A-h- (-u-f-g- m-s-i-j-r y-j-c-e-I-e-h-y- f-e- --------------------------------------------- Ashh (hulfyg) mashinjer ygjecjekIjezh'yn fae.
He must wash the car. А----ъулъ--г-- --ш-нэр -тхь--Iын -а-. Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) машинэр ытхьакIын фае. А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) м-ш-н-р ы-х-а-I-н ф-е- ------------------------------------- Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) машинэр ытхьакIын фае. 0
A--h (-u--y-) -ash--j---y-h'akIy--f--. Ashh (hulfyg) mashinjer yth'akIyn fae. A-h- (-u-f-g- m-s-i-j-r y-h-a-I-n f-e- -------------------------------------- Ashh (hulfyg) mashinjer yth'akIyn fae.
She must shop. Ар ----лъ-ы--- -эфэ- фа-. Ар (бзылъфыгъ) щэфэн фае. А- (-з-л-ф-г-) щ-ф-н ф-е- ------------------------- Ар (бзылъфыгъ) щэфэн фае. 0
A- (bzyl-y-) shh-e-j-n----. Ar (bzylfyg) shhjefjen fae. A- (-z-l-y-) s-h-e-j-n f-e- --------------------------- Ar (bzylfyg) shhjefjen fae.
She must clean the apartment. Ащ (--ы-ъ-ыг-- --------и-ын фае. Ащ (бзылъфыгъ) унэр зэIихын фае. А- (-з-л-ф-г-) у-э- з-I-х-н ф-е- -------------------------------- Ащ (бзылъфыгъ) унэр зэIихын фае. 0
Ash--(-----yg- u--er -je-ih------. Ashh (bzylfyg) unjer zjeIihyn fae. A-h- (-z-l-y-) u-j-r z-e-i-y- f-e- ---------------------------------- Ashh (bzylfyg) unjer zjeIihyn fae.
She must wash the clothes. Ар-(б-ыл-ф-г-- -ык-эн ---. Ар (бзылъфыгъ) гыкIэн фае. А- (-з-л-ф-г-) г-к-э- ф-е- -------------------------- Ар (бзылъфыгъ) гыкIэн фае. 0
Ar-(bzy-fy-----k---n fa-. Ar (bzylfyg) gykIjen fae. A- (-z-l-y-) g-k-j-n f-e- ------------------------- Ar (bzylfyg) gykIjen fae.
We must go to school at once. Т- д-ы--дэм е--а--эм т-кIон -а-. Тэ джыдэдэм еджапIэм тыкIон фае. Т- д-ы-э-э- е-ж-п-э- т-к-о- ф-е- -------------------------------- Тэ джыдэдэм еджапIэм тыкIон фае. 0
Tje---hydj--j---edzh-p-jem--ykI-n-fa-. Tje dzhydjedjem edzhapIjem tykIon fae. T-e d-h-d-e-j-m e-z-a-I-e- t-k-o- f-e- -------------------------------------- Tje dzhydjedjem edzhapIjem tykIon fae.
We must go to work at once. Т--д---эд-м-Iоф--Iэ т----н ф--. Тэ джыдэдэм IофышIэ тыкIон фае. Т- д-ы-э-э- I-ф-ш-э т-к-о- ф-е- ------------------------------- Тэ джыдэдэм IофышIэ тыкIон фае. 0
Tj---z---j--j-- ---y---je -y--on fa-. Tje dzhydjedjem IofyshIje tykIon fae. T-e d-h-d-e-j-m I-f-s-I-e t-k-o- f-e- ------------------------------------- Tje dzhydjedjem IofyshIje tykIon fae.
We must go to the doctor at once. Тэ д-ыдэд-м--рачы--д-ж- --кI-н-ф-е. Тэ джыдэдэм врачым дэжь тыкIон фае. Т- д-ы-э-э- в-а-ы- д-ж- т-к-о- ф-е- ----------------------------------- Тэ джыдэдэм врачым дэжь тыкIон фае. 0
Tj- dzhy-j-dj-- ---ch----je-h- -y-Ion-fa-. Tje dzhydjedjem vrachym djezh' tykIon fae. T-e d-h-d-e-j-m v-a-h-m d-e-h- t-k-o- f-e- ------------------------------------------ Tje dzhydjedjem vrachym djezh' tykIon fae.
You must wait for the bus. А-тоб---м--ъ- шъ--жэ- ф-е. Автобусым шъо шъуежэн фае. А-т-б-с-м ш-о ш-у-ж-н ф-е- -------------------------- Автобусым шъо шъуежэн фае. 0
Avto-u--- -h- sh-e--------e. Avtobusym sho shuezhjen fae. A-t-b-s-m s-o s-u-z-j-n f-e- ---------------------------- Avtobusym sho shuezhjen fae.
You must wait for the train. Мэш--кум ш-о ш---жэн-ф--. МэшIокум шъо шъуежэн фае. М-ш-о-у- ш-о ш-у-ж-н ф-е- ------------------------- МэшIокум шъо шъуежэн фае. 0
M-eshIok-- --o--h--zh-e--fae. MjeshIokum sho shuezhjen fae. M-e-h-o-u- s-o s-u-z-j-n f-e- ----------------------------- MjeshIokum sho shuezhjen fae.
You must wait for the taxi. Такс-----ъо--ъ--ж----ае. Таксиим шъо шъуежэн фае. Т-к-и-м ш-о ш-у-ж-н ф-е- ------------------------ Таксиим шъо шъуежэн фае. 0
Taksiim-s-----u--------a-. Taksiim sho shuezhjen fae. T-k-i-m s-o s-u-z-j-n f-e- -------------------------- Taksiim sho shuezhjen fae.

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Why are there so many different languages?

Today there are more than 6,000 different languages worldwide. This is why we need interpreters and translators. A very long time ago, everyone still spoke the same language. That changed, however, when people began to migrate. They left their African homeland and moved around the world. This spatial separation lead to a linguistic separation as well. Because each people developed its own form of communication. Many different languages evolved from the common proto-language. But man never remained in one place for very long. So the languages became increasingly separated from each other. Somewhere along the line, a common root could no longer be recognized. Furthermore, no people lived in isolation for thousands of years. There was always contact with other peoples. This changed the languages. They took on elements from foreign languages or they merged. Because of this, the progression of the languages never stopped. Therefore, migrations and contact with new peoples explain the multitude of languages. Why languages are so different is another question, however. Every evolution follows certain rules. So there must be a reason for languages being the way they are. For these reasons scientists have been interested in them for years. They would like to know why languages develop differently. In order to research that, one must trace the history of languages. Then one can identify what changed when. It is still unknown what influences the development of languages. Cultural factors appear to be more important than biological factors. That is to say, the history of different peoples shaped their languages. Obviously, languages tell us more than we know…