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em Past tense 4   »   cs Minulý čas 4

84 [eighty-four]

Past tense 4

Past tense 4

84 [osmdesát čtyři]

Minulý čas 4

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to read číst č___ č-s- ---- číst 0
I read. Č-t---sem. Č___ j____ Č-t- j-e-. ---------- Četl jsem. 0
I read the whole novel. P-eč--- ---m --lý --mán. P______ j___ c___ r_____ P-e-e-l j-e- c-l- r-m-n- ------------------------ Přečetl jsem celý román. 0
to understand ro-um-t r______ r-z-m-t ------- rozumět 0
I understood. Ro--m-l-j--m. R______ j____ R-z-m-l j-e-. ------------- Rozuměl jsem. 0
I understood the whole text. R-z--ě- --em --lé---t-x--. R______ j___ c_____ t_____ R-z-m-l j-e- c-l-m- t-x-u- -------------------------- Rozuměl jsem celému textu. 0
to answer od-ov---t o________ o-p-v-d-t --------- odpovídat 0
I answered. O-p--ě-ě---se-. O________ j____ O-p-v-d-l j-e-. --------------- Odpověděl jsem. 0
I answered all the questions. Od-o-ěděl -----na vše---y-o-á---. O________ j___ n_ v______ o______ O-p-v-d-l j-e- n- v-e-h-y o-á-k-. --------------------------------- Odpověděl jsem na všechny otázky. 0
I know that – I knew that. V-m-t----v--ě----e- -o. V__ t_ – v____ j___ t__ V-m t- – v-d-l j-e- t-. ----------------------- Vím to – věděl jsem to. 0
I write that – I wrote that. Pí-- -o-–--a-s-- j-em-to. P___ t_ – n_____ j___ t__ P-š- t- – n-p-a- j-e- t-. ------------------------- Píšu to – napsal jsem to. 0
I hear that – I heard that. Sl--í---- ---l---- -s---to. S_____ t_ – s_____ j___ t__ S-y-í- t- – s-y-e- j-e- t-. --------------------------- Slyším to – slyšel jsem to. 0
I’ll get it – I got it. Do-esu--o-–-d-nes- j-em-t-. D_____ t_ – d_____ j___ t__ D-n-s- t- – d-n-s- j-e- t-. --------------------------- Donesu to – donesl jsem to. 0
I’ll bring that – I brought that. Přine-- -- –-p--nesl--s-m -o. P______ t_ – p______ j___ t__ P-i-e-u t- – p-i-e-l j-e- t-. ----------------------------- Přinesu to – přinesl jsem to. 0
I’ll buy that – I bought that. Kou----to-– -oup-l--se- --. K_____ t_ – k_____ j___ t__ K-u-í- t- – k-u-i- j-e- t-. --------------------------- Koupím to – koupil jsem to. 0
I expect that – I expected that. Oč-kává- t--– ---k-v-l -s-m-to. O_______ t_ – o_______ j___ t__ O-e-á-á- t- – o-e-á-a- j-e- t-. ------------------------------- Očekávám to – očekával jsem to. 0
I’ll explain that – I explained that. V-sv-t-uji-t- –-vy--ětl-l j-e--to. V_________ t_ – v________ j___ t__ V-s-ě-l-j- t- – v-s-ě-l-l j-e- t-. ---------------------------------- Vysvětluji to – vysvětlil jsem to. 0
I know that – I knew that. Z-----o---z--l jsem-to. Z___ t_ – z___ j___ t__ Z-á- t- – z-a- j-e- t-. ----------------------- Znám to – znal jsem to. 0

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Negative words aren't translated into the native language

When reading, multilinguals translate subconsciously into their native language. This happens automatically; that is, the readers do it without realizing. It could be said that the brain functions like a simultaneous translator. But it doesn't translate everything! One study has shown that the brain has a built-in filter. This filter decides what gets translated. And it appears that the filter ignores certain words. Negative words aren't translated into the native language. Researchers selected native speakers of Chinese for their experiment. All test subjects spoke English as their second language. The test subjects had to rate various English words. These words had different emotional content. There were positive, negative and neutral terms. While the test subjects read the words, their brains were examined. That is, the researchers measured the electrical brain activity. In doing so, they could see how the brain worked. Certain signals are generated during the translation of words. They indicate that the brain is active. However, the test subjects showed no activity with the negative words. Only the positive or neutral terms were translated. Researchers don't yet know why this is. Theoretically, the brain has to process all words the same. It could be, however, that the filter quickly examines each word. It is analyzed while still being read in the second language. If a word is negative, the memory is blocked. In other words, it can't think of the word in the native language. People can react very sensitively to words. Perhaps the brain wants to protect them from emotional shock…