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em Subordinate clauses: if   »   ad ГущыIэухыгъэ гуадзэхэр 3

93 [ninety-three]

Subordinate clauses: if

Subordinate clauses: if

93 [тIокIиплIырэ пшIыкIущырэ]

93 [tIokIiplIyrje pshIykIushhyrje]

ГущыIэухыгъэ гуадзэхэр 3

[GushhyIjeuhygje guadzjehjer 3]

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I don’t know if he loves me. Ш-у се-ъэ-ъ---оу с---рэ-. Ш__ с_______ I__ с_______ Ш-у с-л-э-ъ- I-у с-I-р-п- ------------------------- ШIу селъэгъу Iоу сшIэрэп. 0
S--- ---jeg------s--Ij-r--p. S___ s______ I__ s__________ S-I- s-l-e-u I-u s-h-j-r-e-. ---------------------------- ShIu seljegu Iou sshIjerjep.
I don’t know if he’ll come back. Къыгъ-зэж---------ш-эрэ-. К___________ I__ с_______ К-ы-ъ-з-ж-ы- I-у с-I-р-п- ------------------------- Къыгъэзэжьын Iоу сшIэрэп. 0
K---e-j-z--yn---u-----je-je-. K____________ I__ s__________ K-g-e-j-z-'-n I-u s-h-j-r-e-. ----------------------------- Kygjezjezh'yn Iou sshIjerjep.
I don’t know if he’ll call me. К-----т-о---оу сш-----. К_________ I__ с_______ К-ы-ф-т-о- I-у с-I-р-п- ----------------------- Къысфытеон Iоу сшIэрэп. 0
K--f---o---o--sshIjerj--. K________ I__ s__________ K-s-y-e-n I-u s-h-j-r-e-. ------------------------- Kysfyteon Iou sshIjerjep.
Maybe he doesn’t love me? ШI- сел----уа-ш-уI-? Ш__ с________ ш_____ Ш-у с-л-э-ъ-а ш-у-а- -------------------- ШIу селъэгъуа шъуIа? 0
ShI- s---e-u---h---? S___ s_______ s_____ S-I- s-l-e-u- s-u-a- -------------------- ShIu seljegua shuIa?
Maybe he won’t come back? К-ыг--зэ----- ш-уIа? К____________ ш_____ К-ы-ъ-з-ж-ы-а ш-у-а- -------------------- Къыгъэзэжьына шъуIа? 0
Kygj-z-----yn- sh-I-? K_____________ s_____ K-g-e-j-z-'-n- s-u-a- --------------------- Kygjezjezh'yna shuIa?
Maybe he won’t call me? Теле--н--э --ы-ф-те-на--ъ---? Т_________ к__________ ш_____ Т-л-ф-н-I- к-ы-ф-т-о-а ш-у-а- ----------------------------- ТелефонкIэ къысфытеона шъуIа? 0
Te-efonk--- -ysf-te--a--h---? T__________ k_________ s_____ T-l-f-n-I-e k-s-y-e-n- s-u-a- ----------------------------- TelefonkIje kysfyteona shuIa?
I wonder if he thinks about me. Сы--у-ч---ьы, -ъы--г--шы---шъ-I-. С____________ к___________ ш_____ С-з-у-ч-ы-ь-, к-ы-э-у-ш-с- ш-у-а- --------------------------------- СызэупчIыжьы, къысэгупшыса шъуIа. 0
Sy--e--ch----'y- ky------s---- shuIa. S_______________ k____________ s_____ S-z-e-p-h-y-h-y- k-s-e-u-s-y-a s-u-a- ------------------------------------- SyzjeupchIyzh'y, kysjegupshysa shuIa.
I wonder if he has someone else. Сызэ--ч-ы--ы,-сэ---э-ы-- -I ш-уIа. С____________ с__ н_____ и_ ш_____ С-з-у-ч-ы-ь-, с-щ н-м-к- и- ш-у-а- ---------------------------------- СызэупчIыжьы, сэщ нэмыкI иI шъуIа. 0
S-z---pc-I------ s-e-h----e-yk---I s-uI-. S_______________ s_____ n______ i_ s_____ S-z-e-p-h-y-h-y- s-e-h- n-e-y-I i- s-u-a- ----------------------------------------- SyzjeupchIyzh'y, sjeshh njemykI iI shuIa.
I wonder if he lies. С---уп---жьы- ----ег-а-цIа-ш-у--. С____________ с___________ ш_____ С-з-у-ч-ы-ь-, с-к-е-ъ-п-I- ш-у-а- --------------------------------- СызэупчIыжьы, сыкъегъапцIа шъуIа. 0
S---eu-ch-y---y,--ykeg----a-----a. S_______________ s_________ s_____ S-z-e-p-h-y-h-y- s-k-g-p-I- s-u-a- ---------------------------------- SyzjeupchIyzh'y, sykegapcIa shuIa.
Maybe he thinks of me? Къ-с--у--ы-а---у--? К___________ ш_____ К-ы-э-у-ш-с- ш-у-а- ------------------- Къысэгупшыса шъуIа? 0
K--j-gu-----a-----a? K____________ s_____ K-s-e-u-s-y-a s-u-a- -------------------- Kysjegupshysa shuIa?
Maybe he has someone else? С-щ--э--кI-и---шъ-I-? С__ н_____ и__ ш_____ С-щ н-м-к- и-а ш-у-а- --------------------- Сэщ нэмыкI иIа шъуIа? 0
Sj---h --e-ykI iIa --u--? S_____ n______ i__ s_____ S-e-h- n-e-y-I i-a s-u-a- ------------------------- Sjeshh njemykI iIa shuIa?
Maybe he tells me the truth? Ш---къэ- къыс-I-а-ш--Iа? Ш_______ к_______ ш_____ Ш-ы-к-э- к-ы-е-у- ш-у-а- ------------------------ Шъыпкъэр къысеIуа шъуIа? 0
S-yp---- --s-Iua--huIa? S_______ k______ s_____ S-y-k-e- k-s-I-a s-u-a- ----------------------- Shypkjer kyseIua shuIa?
I doubt whether he really likes me. Се-ъ------ш-- ш---къ-- --у -ы-ех-а-шъу--. С____________ ш_______ ы__ с______ ш_____ С-х-ы-э-ъ-ш-, ш-ы-к-э- ы-у с-р-х-а ш-у-а- ----------------------------------------- Сехъырэхъышэ, шъыпкъэу ыгу сырехьа шъуIа. 0
Se-y-jehys--e- sh---j-- ygu-s-r-h'- s-uI-. S_____________ s_______ y__ s______ s_____ S-h-r-e-y-h-e- s-y-k-e- y-u s-r-h-a s-u-a- ------------------------------------------ Sehyrjehyshje, shypkjeu ygu syreh'a shuIa.
I doubt whether he’ll write to me. Сехъы---ъы--, к-ы---тх--а шъуI-. С____________ к__________ ш_____ С-х-ы-э-ъ-ш-, к-ы-ф-т-э-а ш-у-а- -------------------------------- Сехъырэхъышэ, къысфэтхэна шъуIа. 0
Seh-r---y-hje- k-s-j--h--na -----. S_____________ k___________ s_____ S-h-r-e-y-h-e- k-s-j-t-j-n- s-u-a- ---------------------------------- Sehyrjehyshje, kysfjethjena shuIa.
I doubt whether he’ll marry me. С---ыр-х--шэ, -ищэна ш--I-. С____________ с_____ ш_____ С-х-ы-э-ъ-ш-, с-щ-н- ш-у-а- --------------------------- Сехъырэхъышэ, сищэна шъуIа. 0
Seh-rjeh-s-je, ---hhj----s-u-a. S_____________ s________ s_____ S-h-r-e-y-h-e- s-s-h-e-a s-u-a- ------------------------------- Sehyrjehyshje, sishhjena shuIa.
Does he really like me? Шъ---ъэ- ----сы-ех---шъ--а? Ш_______ ы__ с______ ш_____ Ш-ы-к-э- ы-у с-р-х-а ш-у-а- --------------------------- Шъыпкъэу ыгу сырехьа шъуIа? 0
S--p-je----u s-re--a sh---? S_______ y__ s______ s_____ S-y-k-e- y-u s-r-h-a s-u-a- --------------------------- Shypkjeu ygu syreh'a shuIa?
Will he write to me? Къы-фэт-э-а -ъ---? К__________ ш_____ К-ы-ф-т-э-а ш-у-а- ------------------ Къысфэтхэна шъуIа? 0
K---j----e-- -h-Ia? K___________ s_____ K-s-j-t-j-n- s-u-a- ------------------- Kysfjethjena shuIa?
Will he marry me? Си--н----уI-? С_____ ш_____ С-щ-н- ш-у-а- ------------- Сищэна шъуIа? 0
Si-h---n--sh-I-? S________ s_____ S-s-h-e-a s-u-a- ---------------- Sishhjena shuIa?

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How does the brain learn grammar?

We begin to learn our native language as babies. This happens automatically. We are not aware of it. Our brain has to accomplish a great deal when learning, however. When we learn grammar, for example, it has a lot of work to do. Every day it hears new things. It receives new stimuli constantly. The brain can't process every stimulus individually, however. It has to act economically. Therefore, it orients itself toward regularity. The brain remembers what it hears often. It registers how often a specific thing occurs. Then it makes a grammatical rule out of these examples. Children know whether a sentence is correct or not. However, they don't know why that is. Their brain knows the rules without having learned them. Adults learn languages differently. They already know the structures of their native language. These build the basis for the new grammatical rules. But in order to learn, adults need teaching. When the brain learns grammar, it has a fixed system. This can be seen with nouns and verbs, for example. They are stored in different regions of the brain. Different areas of the brain are active when processing them. Simple rules are also learned differently than complex rules. With complex rules, more areas of the brain work together. How exactly the brain learns grammar hasn't been researched yet. However, we know that it can theoretically learn every grammar rule…