Phrasebook

en Big – small   »   fa ‫بزرگ – کوچک‬

68 [sixty-eight]

Big – small

Big – small

‫68 [شصت و هشت]‬

68 [shast-o-hasht]

‫بزرگ – کوچک‬

[bozorg - kuchak]

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big and small ‫--ر--- ک-چ-‬ ‫____ و ک____ ‫-ز-گ و ک-چ-‬ ------------- ‫بزرگ و کوچک‬ 0
b----g----ku---k b_____ v_ k_____ b-z-r- v- k-c-a- ---------------- bozorg va kuchak
The elephant is big. ‫-ی----ر--است.‬ ‫___ ب___ ا____ ‫-ی- ب-ر- ا-ت-‬ --------------- ‫فیل بزرگ است.‬ 0
fi---oz-r--a-t. f__ b_____ a___ f-l b-z-r- a-t- --------------- fil bozorg ast.
The mouse is small. ‫م-ش--وچ- -ست.‬ ‫___ ک___ ا____ ‫-و- ک-چ- ا-ت-‬ --------------- ‫موش کوچک است.‬ 0
mush-k--hak-a-t. m___ k_____ a___ m-s- k-c-a- a-t- ---------------- mush kuchak ast.
dark and bright ‫تا----و -وش-‬ ‫_____ و ر____ ‫-ا-ی- و ر-ش-‬ -------------- ‫تاریک و روشن‬ 0
tâ-i--v---o-h-n t____ v_ r_____ t-r-k v- r-s-a- --------------- târik va roshan
The night is dark. ‫شب-تا--ک است.‬ ‫__ ت____ ا____ ‫-ب ت-ر-ک ا-ت-‬ --------------- ‫شب تاریک است.‬ 0
s--b---ri- a--. s___ t____ a___ s-a- t-r-k a-t- --------------- shab târik ast.
The day is bright. ‫روز-رو-ن-است-‬ ‫___ ر___ ا____ ‫-و- ر-ش- ا-ت-‬ --------------- ‫روز روشن است.‬ 0
ro-- ro---- a--. r___ r_____ a___ r-o- r-s-a- a-t- ---------------- rooz roshan ast.
old and young ‫پی- - -و-ن‬ ‫___ و ج____ ‫-ی- و ج-ا-‬ ------------ ‫پیر و جوان‬ 0
p---v- j-vân p__ v_ j____ p-r v- j-v-n ------------ pir va javân
Our grandfather is very old. ‫پ-ر-----ا--خیلی-پی--اس-.‬ ‫__________ خ___ پ__ ا____ ‫-د-ب-ر-م-ن خ-ل- پ-ر ا-ت-‬ -------------------------- ‫پدربزرگمان خیلی پیر است.‬ 0
ped---bozo--emâ---h--i ----as-. p_______________ k____ p__ a___ p-d-r-b-z-r-e-â- k-y-i p-r a-t- ------------------------------- pedar-bozorgemân khyli pir ast.
70 years ago he was still young. ‫7--س-ل ------- هم --ا- ب---‬ ‫__ س__ پ__ ‫__ ه_ ج___ ب____ ‫-0 س-ل پ-ش ‫-و ه- ج-ا- ب-د-‬ ----------------------------- ‫70 سال پیش ‫او هم جوان بود.‬ 0
o---af--- -â- p-s---anuz javân --d. o_ h_____ s__ p___ h____ j____ b___ o- h-f-â- s-l p-s- h-n-z j-v-n b-d- ----------------------------------- oo haftâd sâl pish hanuz javân bud.
beautiful and ugly ‫ز--- --ز--‬ ‫____ و ز___ ‫-ی-ا و ز-ت- ------------ ‫زیبا و زشت‬ 0
zi----a z-s-t z___ v_ z____ z-b- v- z-s-t ------------- zibâ va zesht
The butterfly is beautiful. ‫پ-وا-ه ---ا-ت.‬ ‫______ ز_______ ‫-ر-ا-ه ز-ب-س-.- ---------------- ‫پروانه زیباست.‬ 0
p--vâ-e-zibâs-. p______ z______ p-r-â-e z-b-s-. --------------- parvâne zibâst.
The spider is ugly. ‫-نکب---ز-- ا-ت.‬ ‫______ ز__ ا____ ‫-ن-ب-ت ز-ت ا-ت-‬ ----------------- ‫عنکبوت زشت است.‬ 0
an--but--esh- a--. a______ z____ a___ a-k-b-t z-s-t a-t- ------------------ ankabut zesht ast.
fat and thin ‫چا- --لاغر‬ ‫___ و ل____ ‫-ا- و ل-غ-‬ ------------ ‫چاق و لاغر‬ 0
châ---va----h-r c____ v_ l_____ c-â-h v- l-g-a- --------------- châgh va lâghar
A woman who weighs a hundred kilos is fat. ‫-ک ----- -زن--0--ک-لو، -اق--ست.‬ ‫__ ز_ ب_ و__ 1__ ک____ چ__ ا____ ‫-ک ز- ب- و-ن 1-0 ک-ل-، چ-ق ا-ت-‬ --------------------------------- ‫یک زن به وزن 100 کیلو، چاق است.‬ 0
yek-z---bâ--ad kilo- -hâg----t. y__ z__ b_ s__ k____ c____ a___ y-k z-n b- s-d k-l-o c-â-h a-t- ------------------------------- yek zan bâ sad kiloo châgh ast.
A man who weighs fifty kilos is thin. ‫-- م---به-و-ن 5- کی-و، لا-ر--ست.‬ ‫__ م__ ب_ و__ 5_ ک____ ل___ ا____ ‫-ک م-د ب- و-ن 5- ک-ل-، ل-غ- ا-ت-‬ ---------------------------------- ‫یک مرد به وزن 50 کیلو، لاغر است.‬ 0
y-k--a-- -â--a-j-- k--o--l--har ast. y__ m___ b_ p_____ k____ l_____ a___ y-k m-r- b- p-n-â- k-l-o l-g-a- a-t- ------------------------------------ yek mard bâ panjâh kiloo lâghar ast.
expensive and cheap ‫گرا- - ا----‬ ‫____ و ا_____ ‫-ر-ن و ا-ز-ن- -------------- ‫گران و ارزان‬ 0
g---- v- ar--n g____ v_ a____ g-r-n v- a-z-n -------------- gerân va arzân
The car is expensive. ‫ا-----ل--ران-است-‬ ‫_______ گ___ ا____ ‫-ت-م-ی- گ-ا- ا-ت-‬ ------------------- ‫اتومبیل گران است.‬ 0
otomo-il g---- ---. o_______ g____ a___ o-o-o-i- g-r-n a-t- ------------------- otomobil gerân ast.
The newspaper is cheap. ‫--ز-ا-ه ارز-ن ---.‬ ‫_______ ا____ ا____ ‫-و-ن-م- ا-ز-ن ا-ت-‬ -------------------- ‫روزنامه ارزان است.‬ 0
rooznâm- ar-ân--st. r_______ a____ a___ r-o-n-m- a-z-n a-t- ------------------- rooznâme arzân ast.

Code-switching

More and more people are growing up bilingual. They can speak more than one language. Many of these people often switch languages. They decide which language to use depending on the situation. For example, they speak a different language at work than at home. By doing so, they adapt themselves to their environment. But there is also the possibility of switching languages spontaneously. This phenomenon is called code-switching . In code-switching, the language gets switched in the middle of speaking. There could be many reasons why speakers switch languages. Often, they don't find the appropriate word in one language. They can express themselves better in the other language. It can also be that the speaker feels more confident in one of the languages. They use this language for private or personal things. Sometimes a certain word doesn't exist in a language. In this case the speaker must switch languages. Or they switch languages so that they aren't understood. In that case code-switching works like a secret language. Earlier, mixing languages was criticized. It was thought that the speaker couldn't speak either language correctly. Today it is viewed differently. Code-switching is recognized as a special linguistic competence. It can be interesting to observe speakers using code-switching. Often, they don't just switch the language they're speaking. Other communicative elements change as well. Many speak faster, louder or more accentuated in the other language. Or they suddenly use more gestures and facial expressions. In this way, code-switching is always a little bit of culture-switching too…