Phrasebook

en Big – small   »   ur ‫بڑا – چھوٹا‬

68 [sixty-eight]

Big – small

Big – small

‫68 [اڑسٹھ]‬

arsath

‫بڑا – چھوٹا‬

[bara chhota]

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big and small ‫--ا ا---چھ--ا‬ ‫___ ا__ چ_____ ‫-ڑ- ا-ر چ-و-ا- --------------- ‫بڑا اور چھوٹا‬ 0
b--- a-r-----ta b___ a__ c_____ b-r- a-r c-h-t- --------------- bara aur chhota
The elephant is big. ‫-ا----بڑا--ے -‬ ‫_____ ب__ ہ_ -_ ‫-ا-ھ- ب-ا ہ- -- ---------------- ‫ہاتھی بڑا ہے -‬ 0
h--h--b-r----i - h____ b___ h__ - h-t-i b-r- h-i - ---------------- hathi bara hai -
The mouse is small. ‫چ----چھ----ہ- -‬ ‫____ چ____ ہ_ -_ ‫-و-ا چ-و-ا ہ- -- ----------------- ‫چوہا چھوٹا ہے -‬ 0
c-oo---c--ot--h-- - c_____ c_____ h__ - c-o-h- c-h-t- h-i - ------------------- chooha chhota hai -
dark and bright ‫-ند---ا-- اجا-----و-ن)‬ ‫_______ – ا____ (______ ‫-ن-ھ-ر- – ا-ا-ہ (-و-ن-‬ ------------------------ ‫اندھیرا – اجالہ (روشن)‬ 0
a--he-a -j-a--- --s-a- ) a______ u____ ( r_____ ) a-d-e-a u-a-l ( r-s-a- ) ------------------------ andhera ujaal ( roshan )
The night is dark. ‫--ت اندھی-ی -ے -‬ ‫___ ا______ ہ_ -_ ‫-ا- ا-د-ی-ی ہ- -- ------------------ ‫رات اندھیری ہے -‬ 0
raat---d--ri --- - r___ a______ h__ - r-a- a-d-e-i h-i - ------------------ raat andheri hai -
The day is bright. ‫دن ---ن--ے -‬ ‫__ ر___ ہ_ -_ ‫-ن ر-ش- ہ- -- -------------- ‫دن روشن ہے -‬ 0
di---oshan-h---- d__ r_____ h__ - d-n r-s-a- h-i - ---------------- din roshan hai -
old and young ‫-و-ھ----- جوان‬ ‫_____ ا__ ج____ ‫-و-ھ- ا-ر ج-ا-‬ ---------------- ‫بوڑھا اور جوان‬ 0
boo-h- a---jaw-n b_____ a__ j____ b-o-h- a-r j-w-n ---------------- boorha aur jawan
Our grandfather is very old. ‫ہم-رے---دا بہ- بوڑھے-ہ----‬ ‫_____ د___ ب__ ب____ ہ__ -_ ‫-م-ر- د-د- ب-ت ب-ڑ-ے ہ-ں -- ---------------------------- ‫ہمارے دادا بہت بوڑھے ہیں -‬ 0
hamar---dada b--a--bo---ay-ha---- h______ d___ b____ b______ h___ - h-m-r-y d-d- b-h-t b-o-h-y h-i- - --------------------------------- hamaray dada bohat boorhay hain -
70 years ago he was still young. ‫-تر-سال پہل- و- -وان--ھے -‬ ‫___ س__ پ___ و_ ج___ ت__ -_ ‫-ت- س-ل پ-ل- و- ج-ا- ت-ے -- ---------------------------- ‫ستر سال پہلے وہ جوان تھے -‬ 0
sa-tar s--l -e---- wo---a--- th-y-- s_____ s___ p_____ w__ j____ t___ - s-t-a- s-a- p-h-a- w-h j-w-n t-a- - ----------------------------------- sattar saal pehlay woh jawan thay -
beautiful and ugly ‫خوبصو-ت او- -د-و--‬ ‫_______ ا__ ب______ ‫-و-ص-ر- ا-ر ب-ص-ر-‬ -------------------- ‫خوبصورت اور بدصورت‬ 0
khobs--a- a-r-b---o-r-t k________ a__ b________ k-o-s-r-t a-r b-d-o-r-t ----------------------- khobsorat aur badsoorat
The butterfly is beautiful. ‫تت-- ----و-ت -ے--‬ ‫____ خ______ ہ_ -_ ‫-ت-ی خ-ب-و-ت ہ- -- ------------------- ‫تتلی خوبصورت ہے -‬ 0
tit-ee-kh--s-ra- h---- t_____ k________ h__ - t-t-e- k-o-s-r-t h-i - ---------------------- titlee khobsorat hai -
The spider is ugly. ‫-کڑی -دص-ر--ہے -‬ ‫____ ب_____ ہ_ -_ ‫-ک-ی ب-ص-ر- ہ- -- ------------------ ‫مکڑی بدصورت ہے -‬ 0
makr--b----o-at---i-- m____ b________ h__ - m-k-i b-d-o-r-t h-i - --------------------- makri badsoorat hai -
fat and thin ‫--ٹ- اور--بلا‬ ‫____ ا__ د____ ‫-و-ا ا-ر د-ل-‬ --------------- ‫موٹا اور دبلا‬ 0
mot- -ur --bla m___ a__ d____ m-t- a-r d-b-a -------------- mota aur dubla
A woman who weighs a hundred kilos is fat. ‫-و -ل- و-ن-کی --ر- م-ٹی ہو-- -- -‬ ‫__ ک__ و__ ک_ ع___ م___ ہ___ ہ_ -_ ‫-و ک-و و-ن ک- ع-ر- م-ٹ- ہ-ت- ہ- -- ----------------------------------- ‫سو کلو وزن کی عورت موٹی ہوتی ہے -‬ 0
so kil- k--au--t m------o-- ----- s_ k___ k_ a____ m____ h___ h__ - s- k-l- k- a-r-t m-u-i h-t- h-i - --------------------------------- so kilo ki aurat mouti hoti hai -
A man who weighs fifty kilos is thin. ‫پچاس--ل- -زن ک---رد---لا--وتا ہ- -‬ ‫____ ک__ و__ ک_ م__ د___ ہ___ ہ_ -_ ‫-چ-س ک-و و-ن ک- م-د د-ل- ہ-ت- ہ- -- ------------------------------------ ‫پچاس کلو وزن کا مرد دبلا ہوتا ہے -‬ 0
pac-----kil---- mar- --bla-hot- h-i - p______ k___ k_ m___ d____ h___ h__ - p-c-a-s k-l- k- m-r- d-b-a h-t- h-i - ------------------------------------- pachaas kilo ka mard dubla hota hai -
expensive and cheap ‫--ن-ا ا-ر---ت-‬ ‫_____ ا__ س____ ‫-ہ-گ- ا-ر س-ت-‬ ---------------- ‫مہنگا اور سستا‬ 0
mehan---aur-s--ta m______ a__ s____ m-h-n-a a-r s-s-a ----------------- mehanga aur sasta
The car is expensive. ‫--------گ---ے -‬ ‫____ م____ ہ_ -_ ‫-ا-ی م-ن-ی ہ- -- ----------------- ‫گاڑی مہنگی ہے -‬ 0
ga-r--me---i --i-- g____ m_____ h__ - g-a-i m-h-g- h-i - ------------------ gaari mehngi hai -
The newspaper is cheap. ‫اخ-----س-- ----‬ ‫_____ س___ ہ_ -_ ‫-خ-ا- س-ت- ہ- -- ----------------- ‫اخبار سستا ہے -‬ 0
a----r sasta --i - a_____ s____ h__ - a-h-a- s-s-a h-i - ------------------ akhbar sasta hai -

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Code-switching

More and more people are growing up bilingual. They can speak more than one language. Many of these people often switch languages. They decide which language to use depending on the situation. For example, they speak a different language at work than at home. By doing so, they adapt themselves to their environment. But there is also the possibility of switching languages spontaneously. This phenomenon is called code-switching . In code-switching, the language gets switched in the middle of speaking. There could be many reasons why speakers switch languages. Often, they don't find the appropriate word in one language. They can express themselves better in the other language. It can also be that the speaker feels more confident in one of the languages. They use this language for private or personal things. Sometimes a certain word doesn't exist in a language. In this case the speaker must switch languages. Or they switch languages so that they aren't understood. In that case code-switching works like a secret language. Earlier, mixing languages was criticized. It was thought that the speaker couldn't speak either language correctly. Today it is viewed differently. Code-switching is recognized as a special linguistic competence. It can be interesting to observe speakers using code-switching. Often, they don't just switch the language they're speaking. Other communicative elements change as well. Many speak faster, louder or more accentuated in the other language. Or they suddenly use more gestures and facial expressions. In this way, code-switching is always a little bit of culture-switching too…