Phrasebook

en To have to do something / must   »   ad ШIэгъэн фае

72 [seventy-two]

To have to do something / must

To have to do something / must

72 [тIокIищрэ пшIыкIутIурэ]

72 [tIokIishhrje pshIykIutIurje]

ШIэгъэн фае

[ShIjegjen fae]

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must ш--г-----ае ш______ ф__ ш-э-ъ-н ф-е ----------- шIэгъэн фае 0
shI-e--e--f-e s________ f__ s-I-e-j-n f-e ------------- shIjegjen fae
I must post the letter. Сэ пис-м--зг--х-ын-ф-е. С_ п_____ з_______ ф___ С- п-с-м- з-ъ-х-ы- ф-е- ----------------------- Сэ письмэ згъэхьын фае. 0
Sj---i-'-j- -g-eh-yn fa-. S__ p______ z_______ f___ S-e p-s-m-e z-j-h-y- f-e- ------------------------- Sje pis'mje zgjeh'yn fae.
I must pay the hotel. С-----к----------сты- ф-е. С_ х____________ с___ ф___ С- х-а-I-щ-п-I-р с-ы- ф-е- -------------------------- Сэ хьакIэщыпкIэр стын фае. 0
S-- ----Ijeshhyp------st-n--ae. S__ h________________ s___ f___ S-e h-a-I-e-h-y-k-j-r s-y- f-e- ------------------------------- Sje h'akIjeshhypkIjer styn fae.
You must get up early. О жьэу----эт---ы- -а-. О ж___ у_________ ф___ О ж-э- у-ъ-т-д-ы- ф-е- ---------------------- О жьэу укъэтэджын фае. 0
O------u -kj-tje----n f--. O z_____ u___________ f___ O z-'-e- u-j-t-e-z-y- f-e- -------------------------- O zh'jeu ukjetjedzhyn fae.
You must work a lot. О Iофы-- ---эн-ф-е. О I_____ п____ ф___ О I-ф-б- п-I-н ф-е- ------------------- О Iофыбэ пшIэн фае. 0
O I---b-e -shIj-n -ae. O I______ p______ f___ O I-f-b-e p-h-j-n f-e- ---------------------- O Iofybje pshIjen fae.
You must be punctual. Шъ--къа-ъэ-п-э-ъын ---. Ш_________ п______ ф___ Ш-ы-к-а-ъ- п-э-ъ-н ф-е- ----------------------- Шъыпкъагъэ пхэлъын фае. 0
Sh-p--gj- ph----n-fae. S________ p______ f___ S-y-k-g-e p-j-l-n f-e- ---------------------- Shypkagje phjelyn fae.
He must fuel / get petrol / get gas (am.). А- (х-ул----ъ- г-э--ы--пх-э-и----аг-. А_ (__________ г___________ и________ А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) г-э-т-н-п-ъ- и-ы-I-г-. ------------------------------------- Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) гъэстыныпхъэ ищыкIагъ. 0
A-h--(----y-)--j---yny-h-- i-h-yk-ag. A___ (_______ g___________ i_________ A-h- (-u-f-g- g-e-t-n-p-j- i-h-y-I-g- ------------------------------------- Ashh (hulfyg) gjestynyphje ishhykIag.
He must repair the car. А---х----ф-гъ--м--ин-- -гъ-ц-к-э--ын фае. А_ (__________ м______ ы____________ ф___ А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) м-ш-н-р ы-ъ-ц-к-э-ь-н ф-е- ----------------------------------------- Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) машинэр ыгъэцэкIэжьын фае. 0
Ashh (--lf-g) m----nje- --je-j--Ij-z-'yn --e. A___ (_______ m________ y_______________ f___ A-h- (-u-f-g- m-s-i-j-r y-j-c-e-I-e-h-y- f-e- --------------------------------------------- Ashh (hulfyg) mashinjer ygjecjekIjezh'yn fae.
He must wash the car. Ащ (-ъулъфы-ъ)-машинэ--ыт------- ф--. А_ (__________ м______ ы________ ф___ А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) м-ш-н-р ы-х-а-I-н ф-е- ------------------------------------- Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) машинэр ытхьакIын фае. 0
A-h---h--fyg) mas--nj---y---a--yn fa-. A___ (_______ m________ y________ f___ A-h- (-u-f-g- m-s-i-j-r y-h-a-I-n f-e- -------------------------------------- Ashh (hulfyg) mashinjer yth'akIyn fae.
She must shop. А- --з---------щэф-н -а-. А_ (__________ щ____ ф___ А- (-з-л-ф-г-) щ-ф-н ф-е- ------------------------- Ар (бзылъфыгъ) щэфэн фае. 0
Ar--bz--fyg) sh-----en--a-. A_ (________ s________ f___ A- (-z-l-y-) s-h-e-j-n f-e- --------------------------- Ar (bzylfyg) shhjefjen fae.
She must clean the apartment. Ащ---з----ы--)-у-э--з-I-х-н--ае. А_ (__________ у___ з______ ф___ А- (-з-л-ф-г-) у-э- з-I-х-н ф-е- -------------------------------- Ащ (бзылъфыгъ) унэр зэIихын фае. 0
A-hh---zyl---- unj-r -j---h---fae. A___ (________ u____ z_______ f___ A-h- (-z-l-y-) u-j-r z-e-i-y- f-e- ---------------------------------- Ashh (bzylfyg) unjer zjeIihyn fae.
She must wash the clothes. А---бз-л---г-- -ы--эн ф-е. А_ (__________ г_____ ф___ А- (-з-л-ф-г-) г-к-э- ф-е- -------------------------- Ар (бзылъфыгъ) гыкIэн фае. 0
A---bz-l-yg- gy---en --e. A_ (________ g______ f___ A- (-z-l-y-) g-k-j-n f-e- ------------------------- Ar (bzylfyg) gykIjen fae.
We must go to school at once. Т- дж----эм-е---п--- тык-о- -ае. Т_ д_______ е_______ т_____ ф___ Т- д-ы-э-э- е-ж-п-э- т-к-о- ф-е- -------------------------------- Тэ джыдэдэм еджапIэм тыкIон фае. 0
Tj--d--y--ed--m --zhap--e- --kIo- --e. T__ d__________ e_________ t_____ f___ T-e d-h-d-e-j-m e-z-a-I-e- t-k-o- f-e- -------------------------------------- Tje dzhydjedjem edzhapIjem tykIon fae.
We must go to work at once. Тэ-дж-д-дэм-I-ф-шIэ -ык-о--фае. Т_ д_______ I______ т_____ ф___ Т- д-ы-э-э- I-ф-ш-э т-к-о- ф-е- ------------------------------- Тэ джыдэдэм IофышIэ тыкIон фае. 0
Tj- dzhy-j--j---I-f-sh--e -y-I-n --e. T__ d__________ I________ t_____ f___ T-e d-h-d-e-j-m I-f-s-I-e t-k-o- f-e- ------------------------------------- Tje dzhydjedjem IofyshIje tykIon fae.
We must go to the doctor at once. Тэ-д-ыдэд-- в-а-ы- дэ-ь т-кIо--фае. Т_ д_______ в_____ д___ т_____ ф___ Т- д-ы-э-э- в-а-ы- д-ж- т-к-о- ф-е- ----------------------------------- Тэ джыдэдэм врачым дэжь тыкIон фае. 0
Tj----hyd-e---m -r-chym --ez-' tykI-n f-e. T__ d__________ v______ d_____ t_____ f___ T-e d-h-d-e-j-m v-a-h-m d-e-h- t-k-o- f-e- ------------------------------------------ Tje dzhydjedjem vrachym djezh' tykIon fae.
You must wait for the bus. А--об-сы- -ъо--ъ----н фае. А________ ш__ ш______ ф___ А-т-б-с-м ш-о ш-у-ж-н ф-е- -------------------------- Автобусым шъо шъуежэн фае. 0
A-t--us-m s---s-uez-j-- fae. A________ s__ s________ f___ A-t-b-s-m s-o s-u-z-j-n f-e- ---------------------------- Avtobusym sho shuezhjen fae.
You must wait for the train. Мэ-Iо--м --- ----жэн-ф-е. М_______ ш__ ш______ ф___ М-ш-о-у- ш-о ш-у-ж-н ф-е- ------------------------- МэшIокум шъо шъуежэн фае. 0
M--sh-ok----h- sh-ez--e---ae. M_________ s__ s________ f___ M-e-h-o-u- s-o s-u-z-j-n f-e- ----------------------------- MjeshIokum sho shuezhjen fae.
You must wait for the taxi. Т---ии---ъо--ъ------ф--. Т______ ш__ ш______ ф___ Т-к-и-м ш-о ш-у-ж-н ф-е- ------------------------ Таксиим шъо шъуежэн фае. 0
T-k-----sho--hu--h------e. T______ s__ s________ f___ T-k-i-m s-o s-u-z-j-n f-e- -------------------------- Taksiim sho shuezhjen fae.

Why are there so many different languages?

Today there are more than 6,000 different languages worldwide. This is why we need interpreters and translators. A very long time ago, everyone still spoke the same language. That changed, however, when people began to migrate. They left their African homeland and moved around the world. This spatial separation lead to a linguistic separation as well. Because each people developed its own form of communication. Many different languages evolved from the common proto-language. But man never remained in one place for very long. So the languages became increasingly separated from each other. Somewhere along the line, a common root could no longer be recognized. Furthermore, no people lived in isolation for thousands of years. There was always contact with other peoples. This changed the languages. They took on elements from foreign languages or they merged. Because of this, the progression of the languages never stopped. Therefore, migrations and contact with new peoples explain the multitude of languages. Why languages are so different is another question, however. Every evolution follows certain rules. So there must be a reason for languages being the way they are. Scientists have been interested in these reasons for years. They would like to know why languages develop differently. In order to research that, one must trace the history of languages. Then one can identify what changed when. It is still unknown what influences the development of languages. Cultural factors appear to be more important than biological factors. That is to say, the history of different peoples shaped their languages. Obviously, languages tell us more than we know…