М-- ү-емі --р-йтынм-н.
Мен үнемі сұрайтынмын.
М-н ү-е-і с-р-й-ы-м-н-
----------------------
Мен үнемі сұрайтынмын. 0 Men ü-e---s-r--tınm--.Men ünemi suraytınmın.M-n ü-e-i s-r-y-ı-m-n-----------------------Men ünemi suraytınmın.
М-- а--ы- бе-д--.
Мен айтып бердім.
М-н а-т-п б-р-і-.
-----------------
Мен айтып бердім. 0 Men-aytıp -e-dim.Men aytıp berdim.M-n a-t-p b-r-i-.-----------------Men aytıp berdim.
Ме--оқиғ-ны---лық а--ы--б-----.
Мен оқиғаны толық айтып бердім.
М-н о-и-а-ы т-л-қ а-т-п б-р-і-.
-------------------------------
Мен оқиғаны толық айтып бердім. 0 M-n --ïğanı -ol---a---p --rdi-.Men oqïğanı tolıq aytıp berdim.M-n o-ï-a-ı t-l-q a-t-p b-r-i-.-------------------------------Men oqïğanı tolıq aytıp berdim.
Мен-жұ-ы- --т-д-м.
Мен жұмыс істедім.
М-н ж-м-с і-т-д-м-
------------------
Мен жұмыс істедім. 0 Men -u-ıs ---e---.Men jumıs istedim.M-n j-m-s i-t-d-m-------------------Men jumıs istedim.
М----------й------- і-теді-.
Мен күні бойы жұмыс істедім.
М-н к-н- б-й- ж-м-с і-т-д-м-
----------------------------
Мен күні бойы жұмыс істедім. 0 Men kü-i -o-ı --mı- --t-di-.Men küni boyı jumıs istedim.M-n k-n- b-y- j-m-s i-t-d-m-----------------------------Men küni boyı jumıs istedim.
М-н----а--а-ды-.
Мен тамақтандым.
М-н т-м-қ-а-д-м-
----------------
Мен тамақтандым. 0 M-- --m-qtand-m.Men tamaqtandım.M-n t-m-q-a-d-m-----------------Men tamaqtandım.
М-н--ар --мақт---еп қ-йдым.
Мен бар тамақты жеп қойдым.
М-н б-р т-м-қ-ы ж-п қ-й-ы-.
---------------------------
Мен бар тамақты жеп қойдым. 0 Men--ar-t-m-q-- --- qo-d-m.Men bar tamaqtı jep qoydım.M-n b-r t-m-q-ı j-p q-y-ı-.---------------------------Men bar tamaqtı jep qoydım.
Languages have always fascinated mankind.
The history of linguistics is therefore very long.
Linguistics is the systematic study of language.
Even thousands of years ago people contemplated language.
In doing so, different cultures developed different systems.
As a result, different descriptions of languages emerged.
Today's linguistics are based on ancient theories more than anything else.
Many traditions were established in Greece in particular.
The oldest known work about language comes from India, however.
It was written 3,000 years ago by the grammarian Sakatayana.
In ancient times, philosophers like Plato busied themselves with languages.
Later, Roman authors developed their theories further.
Arabians, too, developed their own traditions in the 8th century.
Even then, their works show precise descriptions of the Arabian language.
In modern times, man particularly wanted to research where language comes from.
Scholars were especially interested in the history of language.
In the 18th century, people started to compare languages with each other.
They wanted to understand how languages develop.
Later they concentrated on languages as a system.
The question of how languages function was the focal point.
Today, a great number of schools of thought exist within linguistics.
Many new disciplines have developed since the fifties.
These were in part strongly influenced by other sciences.
Examples are psycholinguistics or intercultural communication.
The newer linguistic schools of thought are very specialized.
One example of this is feminist linguistics.
So the history of linguistics continues…
As long as there are languages, man will contemplate them!