Ад-- бу--бу---ы-з -е-чупа-.
А___ б_____ ф__ з к________
А-н- б-л-б- ф-ы з к-т-у-а-.
---------------------------
Адну бульбу фры з кетчупам. 0 Ad----ul--u --y-z ket-hup--.A___ b_____ f__ z k_________A-n- b-l-b- f-y z k-t-h-p-m-----------------------------Adnu bul’bu fry z ketchupam.
І---- порц-- сма--най -аў-асы --га----ай.
І т__ п_____ с_______ к______ з г________
І т-ы п-р-ы- с-а-а-а- к-ў-а-ы з г-р-ы-а-.
-----------------------------------------
І тры порцыі смажанай каўбасы з гарчыцай. 0 І--ry ---tsy- s---h-nay----ba---z-g--ch--s--.І t__ p______ s________ k______ z g__________І t-y p-r-s-і s-a-h-n-y k-u-a-y z g-r-h-t-a-.---------------------------------------------І try portsyі smazhanay kaubasy z garchytsay.
Як-я-ў Ва---с-ь-г--одн--а?
Я___ ў В__ ё___ г_________
Я-а- ў В-с ё-ц- г-р-д-і-а-
--------------------------
Якая ў Вас ёсць гародніна? 0 Yakaya u-Vas yosts’ -ar-d-іna?Y_____ u V__ y_____ g_________Y-k-y- u V-s y-s-s- g-r-d-і-a-------------------------------Yakaya u Vas yosts’ garodnіna?
Я не--юб-- цы----.
Я н_ л____ ц______
Я н- л-б-ю ц-б-л-.
------------------
Я не люблю цыбулю. 0 Ya-ne ly-bly- t-ybu-y-.Y_ n_ l______ t________Y- n- l-u-l-u t-y-u-y-.-----------------------Ya ne lyublyu tsybulyu.
Я -е --блю-а-і-ы.
Я н_ л____ а_____
Я н- л-б-ю а-і-ы-
-----------------
Я не люблю алівы. 0 Y---- -yublyu -l--y.Y_ n_ l______ a_____Y- n- l-u-l-u a-і-y---------------------Ya ne lyublyu alіvy.
Most of all the languages spoken worldwide are tonal languages.
With tonal languages, the pitch of the tones is crucial.
They determine what meaning words or syllables have.
Thus, the tone belongs firmly to the word.
Most of the languages spoken in Asia are tonal languages.
For example, Chinese, Thai and Vietnamese.
There are also various tonal languages in Africa.
Many indigenous languages in America are tonal languages as well.
Indo-European languages mostly contain only tonal elements.
This applies to Swedish or Serbian, for example.
The number of tone pitches is varied in individual languages.
Four different tones are distinguishable in Chinese.
With this, the syllable
ma
can have four meanings.
They are
mother, hemp, horse
and
to rant
.
Interestingly, tonal languages also impact our hearing.
Studies on absolute hearing have shown this.
Absolute hearing is the ability to identify heard tones accurately.
Absolute hearing occurs very rarely in Europe and North America.
Fewer than 1 in 10,000 people have it.
It's different with native speakers of Chinese.
Here, 9 times as many people have this special ability.
We all had absolute hearing when we were infants.
We used it to learn to speak correctly.
Unfortunately, most people lose it later on.
The pitch of tones is also important in music.
This is especially true for cultures that speak a tonal language.
They must adhere to the melody very precisely.
Otherwise a beautiful love song comes out as an absurd song!
Did you know?
Punjabi is counted among the Indo-Iranian languages.
It is spoken natively by 130 million people.
The majority of those people live in Pakistan.
However, it is also spoken in the Indian state of Punjab.
Punjabi is hardly ever used as a written language in Pakistan.
It is different in India because there the language holds an official status.
Punjabi is written in its own script.
It also has a very long literary tradition.
Texts have been found that are almost 1000 years old.
Punjabi is also very interesting from a phonological point of view.
This is because it is a tonal language.
In tonal languages, the pitch of the accented syllable changes their meaning.
In Punjabi, the accented syllable can take on three different pitches.
That is very unusual for Indo-European languages.
That makes Punjabi that much more appealing!