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5 [five]

Countries and Languages

Countries and Languages

5 [cinco]

Países e Idiomas

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John is from London. J-a- ----- L---re-. J___ e_ d_ L_______ J-a- e- d- L-n-r-s- ------------------- Juan es de Londres.
London is in Great Britain. L--d-es está----G--n Br-taña. L______ e___ e_ G___ B_______ L-n-r-s e-t- e- G-a- B-e-a-a- ----------------------------- Londres está en Gran Bretaña.
He speaks English. É- habl--in--é-. É_ h____ i______ É- h-b-a i-g-é-. ---------------- Él habla inglés.
Maria is from Madrid. Ma-í- e- -e Ma-rid. M____ e_ d_ M______ M-r-a e- d- M-d-i-. ------------------- María es de Madrid.
Madrid is in Spain. Ma-rid e--á--n -s-a--. M_____ e___ e_ E______ M-d-i- e-t- e- E-p-ñ-. ---------------------- Madrid está en España.
She speaks Spanish. Ell- ---l--es-a-ol. E___ h____ e_______ E-l- h-b-a e-p-ñ-l- ------------------- Ella habla español.
Peter and Martha are from Berlin. P-----y Ma-ta-son--- --rlí-. P____ y M____ s__ d_ B______ P-d-o y M-r-a s-n d- B-r-í-. ---------------------------- Pedro y Marta son de Berlín.
Berlin is in Germany. B-r--- e-t--en A--ma-ia. B_____ e___ e_ A________ B-r-í- e-t- e- A-e-a-i-. ------------------------ Berlín está en Alemania.
Do both of you speak German? ¿-a-lá-s -osot-os --v-so-r-- -do-)-a-e---? ¿_______ v_______ / v_______ (____ a______ ¿-a-l-i- v-s-t-o- / v-s-t-a- (-o-) a-e-á-? ------------------------------------------ ¿Habláis vosotros / vosotras (dos) alemán?
London is a capital city. L-n-res----un- c--i---. L______ e_ u__ c_______ L-n-r-s e- u-a c-p-t-l- ----------------------- Londres es una capital.
Madrid and Berlin are also capital cities. Madrid ----r--n-t-m--én---n --pit-l--. M_____ y B_____ t______ s__ c_________ M-d-i- y B-r-í- t-m-i-n s-n c-p-t-l-s- -------------------------------------- Madrid y Berlín también son capitales.
Capital cities are big and noisy. L-s c-p---l-s son-gra-de--y-ruidosa-. L__ c________ s__ g______ y r________ L-s c-p-t-l-s s-n g-a-d-s y r-i-o-a-. ------------------------------------- Las capitales son grandes y ruidosas.
France is in Europe. Fra--ia e--- -------p-. F______ e___ e_ E______ F-a-c-a e-t- e- E-r-p-. ----------------------- Francia está en Europa.
Egypt is in Africa. Egip-o --tá e- Áf-i-a. E_____ e___ e_ Á______ E-i-t- e-t- e- Á-r-c-. ---------------------- Egipto está en África.
Japan is in Asia. Ja--n-es-- en A--a. J____ e___ e_ A____ J-p-n e-t- e- A-i-. ------------------- Japón está en Asia.
Canada is in North America. C-n----e----en ---ric--d-l-N-rt-. C_____ e___ e_ A______ d__ N_____ C-n-d- e-t- e- A-é-i-a d-l N-r-e- --------------------------------- Canadá está en América del Norte.
Panama is in Central America. P--amá-est---- -en-roa-éri--. P_____ e___ e_ C_____________ P-n-m- e-t- e- C-n-r-a-é-i-a- ----------------------------- Panamá está en Centroamérica.
Brazil is in South America. B----- es-- en Am----a-----Su-. B_____ e___ e_ A______ d__ S___ B-a-i- e-t- e- A-é-i-a d-l S-r- ------------------------------- Brasil está en América del Sur.

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Languages and dialects

There are 6,000 to 7,000 different languages worldwide. The number of dialects is of course much higher. But what is the difference between language and dialect? Dialects always have a clearly localized tone. They belong to the regional language varieties. This means dialects are a language form with the narrowest reach. As a general rule, dialects are only spoken, not written. They form their own linguistic system. And they follow their own rules. Theoretically, every language can have several dialects. All dialects fall under the standard language of a country. The standard language is understood by all the people of a country. With it, even speakers of different dialects can communicate with each other. Almost all dialects are becoming less important. You hardly hear dialects being spoken in cities anymore. The standard language is usually spoken at work as well. Therefore, dialect speakers are often said to be simple and uneducated. And yet they can be found at all social levels. So dialect speakers are no less intelligent than others. Quite the opposite! Those who speak in dialect have many advantages. In a language course, for example. Dialect speakers know that there are different linguistic forms. And they have learned to switch quickly between linguistic styles. Therefore, dialect speakers possess a higher competence for variation. They can sense which linguistic style fits with a certain situation. This has even been scientifically proven. So: Have courage in using dialect – it's worth it!
Did you know?
Bulgarian is counted among the South Slavic languages. About 10 million people speak Bulgarian. The majority of those people, of course, live in Bulgaria. Bulgarian is spoken in other countries as well, however. Among those are Ukraine and Moldova. Bulgarian is one of the oldest documented Slavic languages. It has many specific features too. The similarity to Albanian and Romanian is striking. These languages are not Slavic languages. There are many parallels nevertheless. Therefore, all of these languages are also denoted as Balkan languages. They have a lot in common, although they are not related to each other. Bulgarian verbs can take on many forms. There is also no infinitive in Bulgarian. If you want to learn this interesting language you will soon discover many new things!