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5 [five]

Countries and Languages

Countries and Languages

5 [pieci]

Valstis un valodas

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John is from London. D--ns--- -o-----o--s. D____ i_ n_ L________ D-o-s i- n- L-n-o-a-. --------------------- Džons ir no Londonas. 0
London is in Great Britain. Lo-dona a-r-d-- --el-ri--n--ā. L______ a______ L_____________ L-n-o-a a-r-d-s L-e-b-i-ā-i-ā- ------------------------------ Londona atrodas Lielbritānijā. 0
He speaks English. Viņš runā----ļ--v-l-dā. V___ r___ a____ v______ V-ņ- r-n- a-g-u v-l-d-. ----------------------- Viņš runā angļu valodā. 0
Maria is from Madrid. M---ja-i- ----------s. M_____ i_ n_ M________ M-r-j- i- n- M-d-i-e-. ---------------------- Marija ir no Madrides. 0
Madrid is in Spain. Ma-ri---atr-d-s--p-n-jā. M______ a______ S_______ M-d-i-e a-r-d-s S-ā-i-ā- ------------------------ Madride atrodas Spānijā. 0
She speaks Spanish. V-ņ- -unā s---- --lod-. V___ r___ s____ v______ V-ņ- r-n- s-ā-u v-l-d-. ----------------------- Viņa runā spāņu valodā. 0
Peter and Martha are from Berlin. P---ris ----a--- -r -o---rlī-es. P______ u_ M____ i_ n_ B________ P-t-r-s u- M-r-a i- n- B-r-ī-e-. -------------------------------- Pēteris un Marta ir no Berlīnes. 0
Berlin is in Germany. Ber-ī-- --r-das---ci--. B______ a______ V______ B-r-ī-e a-r-d-s V-c-j-. ----------------------- Berlīne atrodas Vācijā. 0
Do both of you speak German? Vai ----a-- --nā-at v--iski? V__ j__ a__ r______ v_______ V-i j-s a-i r-n-j-t v-c-s-i- ---------------------------- Vai jūs abi runājat vāciski? 0
London is a capital city. Lo--on- -r---lvas-i-----. L______ i_ g_____________ L-n-o-a i- g-l-a-p-l-ē-a- ------------------------- Londona ir galvaspilsēta. 0
Madrid and Berlin are also capital cities. M-d-i-- -- B-r--n--a-- ir -al----ils---s. M______ u_ B______ a__ i_ g______________ M-d-i-e u- B-r-ī-e a-ī i- g-l-a-p-l-ē-a-. ----------------------------------------- Madride un Berlīne arī ir galvaspilsētas. 0
Capital cities are big and noisy. G-lva---lsēta- -r--i--a--un---o-š-ai-a-. G_____________ i_ l_____ u_ t___________ G-l-a-p-l-ē-a- i- l-e-a- u- t-o-š-a-n-s- ---------------------------------------- Galvaspilsētas ir lielas un trokšņainas. 0
France is in Europe. F-----ja -t-oda--Ei-o-ā. F_______ a______ E______ F-a-c-j- a-r-d-s E-r-p-. ------------------------ Francija atrodas Eiropā. 0
Egypt is in Africa. Ēģipt--a-ro-as --rik-. Ē_____ a______ Ā______ Ē-i-t- a-r-d-s Ā-r-k-. ---------------------- Ēģipte atrodas Āfrikā. 0
Japan is in Asia. Ja-ā-----r--a- ---jā. J_____ a______ Ā_____ J-p-n- a-r-d-s Ā-i-ā- --------------------- Japāna atrodas Āzijā. 0
Canada is in North America. K-n-d- --ro-a-----m----er-kā. K_____ a______ Z_____________ K-n-d- a-r-d-s Z-e-e-a-e-i-ā- ----------------------------- Kanāda atrodas Ziemeļamerikā. 0
Panama is in Central America. Pa-a-a-a--o----V-d--ameri--. P_____ a______ V____________ P-n-m- a-r-d-s V-d-s-m-r-k-. ---------------------------- Panama atrodas Vidusamerikā. 0
Brazil is in South America. Br-z--ij-------as--ie--ida----k-. B________ a______ D______________ B-a-ī-i-a a-r-d-s D-e-v-d-m-r-k-. --------------------------------- Brazīlija atrodas Dienvidamerikā. 0

Languages and dialects

There are 6,000 to 7,000 different languages worldwide. The number of dialects is of course much higher. But what is the difference between language and dialect? Dialects always have a clearly localized tone. They belong to the regional language varieties. This means dialects are a language form with the narrowest reach. As a general rule, dialects are only spoken, not written. They form their own linguistic system. And they follow their own rules. Theoretically, every language can have several dialects. All dialects fall under the standard language of a country. The standard language is understood by all the people of a country. With it, even speakers of different dialects can communicate with each other. Almost all dialects are becoming less important. You hardly hear dialects being spoken in cities anymore. The standard language is usually spoken at work as well. Therefore, dialect speakers are often said to be simple and uneducated. And yet they can be found at all social levels. So dialect speakers are no less intelligent than others. Quite the opposite! Those who speak in dialect have many advantages. In a language course, for example. Dialect speakers know that there are different linguistic forms. And they have learned to switch quickly between linguistic styles. Therefore, dialect speakers possess a higher competence for variation. They can sense which linguistic style fits with a certain situation. This has even been scientifically proven. So: Have courage in using dialect – it's worth it!
Did you know?
Bulgarian is counted among the South Slavic languages. About 10 million people speak Bulgarian. The majority of those people, of course, live in Bulgaria. Bulgarian is spoken in other countries as well, however. Among those are Ukraine and Moldova. Bulgarian is one of the oldest documented Slavic languages. It has many specific features too. The similarity to Albanian and Romanian is striking. These languages are not Slavic languages. There are many parallels nevertheless. Therefore, all of these languages are also denoted as Balkan languages. They have a lot in common, although they are not related to each other. Bulgarian verbs can take on many forms. There is also no infinitive in Bulgarian. If you want to learn this interesting language you will soon discover many new things!