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sǎm-sìp-hòk

การขนส่งมวลชน

[gan-kǒn-sòng-muan-chon]

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Onde é o ponto do ônibus? ป--ย-ถ--ย--รอ-ู----ไ-น----- - ค-? ป้________________ ค__ / ค__ ป-า-ร-โ-ย-า-อ-ู-ท-่-ห- ค-ั- / ค-? --------------------------------- ป้ายรถโดยสารอยู่ที่ไหน ครับ / คะ? 0
bh-----ót-doy-sa---à------t-̂---ǎi--r--p-k-́ b_____________________________________ b-a-i-r-́---o---a-n-a---o-o-t-̂---a-i-k-a-p-k-́ ----------------------------------------------- bhâi-rót-doy-sǎn-à-yôo-têe-nǎi-kráp-ká
Qual é o ônibus que vai para o centro? ร-เ-ล์--นไ-น-ปก-าง-มือ-----บ / -ะ? ร___________________ ค__ / ค__ ร-เ-ล-ค-น-ห-ไ-ก-า-เ-ื-ง ค-ั- / ค-? ---------------------------------- รถเมล์คันไหนไปกลางเมือง ครับ / คะ? 0
ro----ay---n----i--hai-g-ang--e-----kr--p---́ r________________________________________ r-́---a---a---a-i-b-a---l-n---e-a-g-k-a-p-k-́ --------------------------------------------- rót-may-kan-nǎi-bhai-glang-meuang-kráp-ká
Qual é a linha que tenho de apanhar? ผ-----ิฉ---ต้อง--สายไ-- คร-----ค-? ผ_ / ดิ__ ต้__________ ค__ / ค__ ผ- / ด-ฉ-น ต-อ-ไ-ส-ย-ห- ค-ั- / ค-? ---------------------------------- ผม / ดิฉัน ต้องไปสายไหน ครับ / คะ? 0
pǒ--d---cha-----â--g---a--sǎi-n-̌--k-a-----́ p______________________________________ p-̌---i---h-̌---h-̂-n---h-i-s-̌---a-i-k-a-p-k-́ ----------------------------------------------- pǒm-dì-chǎn-dhâwng-bhai-sǎi-nǎi-kráp-ká
Tenho de mudar? ผ--- --ฉ-น-ต---ต่อร-ไหม-คร-บ --ค-? ผ_ / ดิ__ ต้_________ ค__ / ค__ ผ- / ด-ฉ-น ต-อ-ต-อ-ถ-ห- ค-ั- / ค-? ---------------------------------- ผม / ดิฉัน ต้องต่อรถไหม ครับ / คะ? 0
po----ì-ch-̌--dha-w-g---a-w----t---̌i---á--ká p______________________________________ p-̌---i---h-̌---h-̂-n---h-̀---o-t-m-̌---r-́---a- ------------------------------------------------ pǒm-dì-chǎn-dhâwng-dhàw-rót-mǎi-kráp-ká
Onde tenho de mudar? ผม --ดิฉั- ต้อ------ท-่ไ-น--ร-บ --ค-? ผ_ / ดิ__ ต้__________ ค__ / ค__ ผ- / ด-ฉ-น ต-อ-ต-อ-ถ-ี-ไ-น ค-ั- / ค-? ------------------------------------- ผม / ดิฉัน ต้องต่อรถที่ไหน ครับ / คะ? 0
po----ì-ch-̌---hâwng--hà--r-́---e-e---------́p-ká p__________________________________________ p-̌---i---h-̌---h-̂-n---h-̀---o-t-t-̂---a-i-k-a-p-k-́ ----------------------------------------------------- pǒm-dì-chǎn-dhâwng-dhàw-rót-têe-nǎi-kráp-ká
Quanto custa uma passagem? ต--วร--า-า--่าไร ---บ - --? ตั๋____________ ค__ / ค__ ต-๋-ร-ร-ค-เ-่-ไ- ค-ั- / ค-? --------------------------- ตั๋วรถราคาเท่าไร ครับ / คะ? 0
dhǔ---ó--ra-ka-t--o--a----a-p--á d_____________________________ d-u-a-r-́---a-k---a-o-r-i-k-a-p-k-́ ----------------------------------- dhǔa-rót-ra-ka-tâo-rai-kráp-ká
Quantas paradas são até ao centro? ก-่ป--ยก-อ--ะถ--ก------อง ---- /---? กี่__________________ ค__ / ค__ ก-่-้-ย-่-น-ะ-ึ-ก-า-เ-ื-ง ค-ั- / ค-? ------------------------------------ กี่ป้ายก่อนจะถึงกลางเมือง ครับ / คะ? 0
gè---h--i-ga-wn--à-te-------a---me--ng-k--́p---́ g__________________________________________ g-̀---h-̂---a-w---a---e-u-g-g-a-g-m-u-n---r-́---a- -------------------------------------------------- gèe-bhâi-gàwn-jà-těung-glang-meuang-kráp-ká
Tem que sair aqui. ค--ต้องลงรถท--นี--ค--------ะ คุ__________ ค__ / ค่_ ค-ณ-้-ง-ง-ถ-ี-น-่ ค-ั- / ค-ะ ---------------------------- คุณต้องลงรถที่นี่ ครับ / ค่ะ 0
k--n-dh----g-lo-g--o-t--êe------kr--p-k-̂ k___________________________________ k-o---h-̂-n---o-g-r-́---e-e-n-̂---r-́---a- ------------------------------------------ koon-dhâwng-long-rót-têe-nêe-kráp-kâ
Tem que sair atrás. ค----อ-ลง---งห--ง-ค--บ-----ะ คุ____________ ค__ / ค่_ ค-ณ-้-ง-ง-้-ง-ล-ง ค-ั- / ค-ะ ---------------------------- คุณต้องลงข้างหลัง ครับ / ค่ะ 0
koo---h-̂w-g-l-------n---a--g-k---p--â k_________________________________ k-o---h-̂-n---o-g-k-̂-g-l-̌-g-k-a-p-k-̂ --------------------------------------- koon-dhâwng-long-kâng-lǎng-kráp-kâ
O próximo metrô chega em 5 minutos. อ-ก--าน--ีรถ-ฟขบ-น-่อไ-จ-มา -รั----คะ อี______________________ ค__ / ค_ อ-ก-้-น-ท-ร-ไ-ข-ว-ต-อ-ป-ะ-า ค-ั- / ค- ------------------------------------- อีกห้านาทีรถไฟขบวนต่อไปจะมา ครับ / คะ 0
e--k--â-na-tee-ro----ai--o-p--on-dh-̀w-b-a--jà-----------á è____________________________________________________ e-e---a---a-t-e-r-́---a---o-p-w-n-d-a-w-b-a---a---a-k-a-p-k-́ ------------------------------------------------------------- èek-hâ-na-tee-rót-fai-kòp-won-dhàw-bhai-jà-ma-kráp-ká
O próximo bonde chega em 10 minutos. อี-ส---า--รถ-างข---ต-อ-ป-ะม--ครั-----ะ อี_______________________ ค__ / ค_ อ-ก-ิ-น-ท-ร-ร-ง-บ-น-่-ไ-จ-ม- ค-ั- / ค- -------------------------------------- อีกสิบนาทีรถรางขบวนต่อไปจะมา ครับ / คะ 0
è-k---̀p----te----́---a-g-kò--won-dha-w-b--i---̀-ma-k---p---́ è______________________________________________________ e-e---i-p-n---e---o-t-r-n---o-p-w-n-d-a-w-b-a---a---a-k-a-p-k-́ --------------------------------------------------------------- èek-sìp-na-tee-rót-rang-kòp-won-dhàw-bhai-jà-ma-kráp-ká
O próximo ônibus chega em 15 minutos. อ-ก--บห-า--ที--เม--ค-น--อ-ป-ะ-- --ั- - -ะ อี_______________________ ค__ / ค_ อ-ก-ิ-ห-า-า-ี-ถ-ม-์-ั-ต-อ-ป-ะ-า ค-ั- / ค- ----------------------------------------- อีกสิบห้านาทีรถเมล์คันต่อไปจะมา ครับ / คะ 0
e----s--p--a--na-----ró--ma--k-n-dh-----hai-jà-ma--ra-p-ká è____________________________________________________ e-e---i-p-h-̂-n---e---o-t-m-y-k-n-d-a-w-b-a---a---a-k-a-p-k-́ ------------------------------------------------------------- èek-sìp-hâ-na-tee-rót-may-kan-dhàw-bhai-jà-ma-kráp-ká
Quando é o último metrô? ร-ไฟใต-ดิ--ที่ย--ุ-ท้---มื่อไร -รั- /-คะ? ร_____________________ ค__ / ค__ ร-ไ-ใ-้-ิ-เ-ี-ย-ส-ด-้-ย-ม-่-ไ- ค-ั- / ค-? ----------------------------------------- รถไฟใต้ดินเที่ยวสุดท้ายเมื่อไร ครับ / คะ? 0
ro---f----h-̂--d---t--e--sò-----́--m-----r---kr--p---́ r______________________________________________ r-́---a---h-̂---i---e-e---o-o---a-i-m-̂-a-r-i-k-a-p-k-́ ------------------------------------------------------- rót-fai-dhâi-din-têeo-sòot-tái-mêua-rai-kráp-ká
Quando sai o último bonde? รถ----ที--วสุดท---เ-ื--ไร ครับ-/-คะ? ร__________________ ค__ / ค__ ร-ร-ง-ท-่-ว-ุ-ท-า-เ-ื-อ-ร ค-ั- / ค-? ------------------------------------ รถรางเที่ยวสุดท้ายเมื่อไร ครับ / คะ? 0
ró--rang-tê-o-s--------i---̂ua-------áp---́ r______________________________________ r-́---a-g-t-̂-o-s-̀-t-t-́---e-u---a---r-́---a- ---------------------------------------------- rót-rang-têeo-sòot-tái-mêua-rai-kráp-ká
Quando sai o último ônibus? รถ-ม-์----ยว--ด-้า-เม--อไ- -ร-- - -ะ? ร__________________ ค__ / ค__ ร-เ-ล-เ-ี-ย-ส-ด-้-ย-ม-่-ไ- ค-ั- / ค-? ------------------------------------- รถเมล์เที่ยวสุดท้ายเมื่อไร ครับ / คะ? 0
r-́--m-y--êeo-s-----tái--e--a---i-k-áp--á r_____________________________________ r-́---a---e-e---o-o---a-i-m-̂-a-r-i-k-a-p-k-́ --------------------------------------------- rót-may-têeo-sòot-tái-mêua-rai-kráp-ká
Você tem uma passagem? คุ--ีตั-ว---ห- --ั- / คะ? คุ_________ ค__ / ค__ ค-ณ-ี-ั-ว-ถ-ห- ค-ั- / ค-? ------------------------- คุณมีตั๋วรถไหม ครับ / คะ? 0
k-o-------hu-a---́t-m-̌i--ra-----́ k____________________________ k-o---e---h-̌---o-t-m-̌---r-́---a- ---------------------------------- koon-mee-dhǔa-rót-mǎi-kráp-ká
Uma passagem? – Não, não tenho. ตั-ว--ห-ือ- ไ-่-- ผ--- -ิ-ั--ม่ม----วร---ร-บ /-คะ ตั๋_______ ไ__ ผ_ / ดิ_________ ค__ / ค_ ต-๋-ร-ห-ื-? ไ-่-ี ผ- / ด-ฉ-น-ม-ม-ต-๋-ร- ค-ั- / ค- ------------------------------------------------- ตั๋วรถหรือ? ไม่มี ผม / ดิฉันไม่มีตั๋วรถ ครับ / คะ 0
dh----r--t-rě----̂i--e---ǒm-d----h---------me---hu----o-t-k--́---á d________________________________________________________ d-u-a-r-́---e-u-m-̂---e---o-m-d-̀-c-a-n-m-̂---e---h-̌---o-t-k-a-p-k-́ --------------------------------------------------------------------- dhǔa-rót-rěu-mâi-mee-pǒm-dì-chǎn-mâi-mee-dhǔa-rót-kráp-ká
Então tem que pagar uma multa. งั--ค--ต-อ-เส--ค่า-รั--ค-ั- --คะ งั้______________ ค__ / ค_ ง-้-ค-ณ-้-ง-ส-ย-่-ป-ั- ค-ั- / ค- -------------------------------- งั้นคุณต้องเสียค่าปรับ ครับ / คะ 0
n-a---ko---d-----g----a------r--p-kr-́p-k-́ n___________________________________ n-a-n-k-o---h-̂-n---i-a-k-̂---a-p-k-a-p-k-́ ------------------------------------------- ngán-koon-dhâwng-sǐa-kâp-ráp-kráp-ká

O desenvolvimento linguístico

É claro o motivo pelo qual falamos uns com os outros. Desejamos trocar informações e fazer-nos compreender. Por outro lado, a origem da linguagem é menos evidente. Acerca deste assunto existem diversas teorias. O que é certo é que a linguagem é um fenômeno bastante antigo. Uma das condições indispensáveis ao desenvolvimento da fala foi um conjunto de certas caraterísticas físicas. Estas caraterísticas foram necessárias para que pudéssemos produzir sons. O Homem de Neandertal já possuía esta capacidade de usar a sua voz. E, assim, distinguia-se dos animais irracionais. Além disso, uma voz alta e firme era fundamental para a defesa. A voz podia ameaçar ou assustar os inimigos. Naquela época, já se produziam ferramentas e o fogo já tinha sido descoberto. Este saber tinha que ser transmitido de algum modo. Até para a caça em grupo a língua era importante. Uma forma simples de entendimento já existia há dois milhões de anos. Os primeiros elementos linguísticos foram os signos e os gestos. As pessoas queriam comunicar-se entre si, até mesmo na escuridão. Além disso, tinham que saber comunicar-se entre si sem se verem. Assim se desenvolveu a voz, substituindo os gestos. A linguagem no seu sentido atual existe, no mínimo, há 50000 anos. Ao deixar a África, o Homo Sapiens dispersou-se pelo mundo inteiro. Nas mais diversas regiões, as línguas foram-se separando umas das outras. Ou seja, surgiram várias famílias linguísticas. Porém, elas continham apenas os alicerces dos sistemas linguísticos. As primeiras línguas eram muito menos complexas do que as línguas atuais. Através da gramática, da fonologia e da semântica estas línguas foram evoluindo. Podíamos dizer que as várias línguas constituem diversas soluções. No entanto, o problema mantém-se: Como é que eu demonstro o que eu penso?