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en Reading and writing   »   ad Еджэн ыкIи тхэн

6 [six]

Reading and writing

Reading and writing

6 [хы]

6 [hy]

Еджэн ыкIи тхэн

[Edzhjen ykIi thjen]

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I read. С--се-ж-. С_ с_____ С- с-д-э- --------- Сэ седжэ. 0
Sje--e----e. S__ s_______ S-e s-d-h-e- ------------ Sje sedzhje.
I read a letter (character). С- ---в-----ьар-ф-м--сы-ъед-э. С_ б_____ (_________ с________ С- б-к-э- (-ь-р-ф-м- с-к-е-ж-. ------------------------------ Сэ буквэм (хьарыфым) сыкъеджэ. 0
S-e b-kvj-m -h--ryf-m) -yke-z--e. S__ b______ (_________ s_________ S-e b-k-j-m (-'-r-f-m- s-k-d-h-e- --------------------------------- Sje bukvjem (h'aryfym) sykedzhje.
I read a word. Сэ г-щыI-- сы---дж-. С_ г______ с________ С- г-щ-I-м с-к-е-ж-. -------------------- Сэ гущыIэм сыкъеджэ. 0
S-e ----hy-----------h--. S__ g_________ s_________ S-e g-s-h-I-e- s-k-d-h-e- ------------------------- Sje gushhyIjem sykedzhje.
I read a sentence. С- -ущыIэу---ъэ- -----дж-. С_ г____________ с________ С- г-щ-I-у-ы-ъ-м с-к-е-ж-. -------------------------- Сэ гущыIэухыгъэм сыкъеджэ. 0
S-e -us--yIj------em-s-k-dz-j-. S__ g_______________ s_________ S-e g-s-h-I-e-h-g-e- s-k-d-h-e- ------------------------------- Sje gushhyIjeuhygjem sykedzhje.
I read a letter. С- пись-э----дж-. С_ п______ с_____ С- п-с-м-м с-д-э- ----------------- Сэ письмэм седжэ. 0
Sj-----'mjem s----j-. S__ p_______ s_______ S-e p-s-m-e- s-d-h-e- --------------------- Sje pis'mjem sedzhje.
I read a book. Сэ -хы-ъы----джэ. С_ т______ с_____ С- т-ы-ъ-м с-д-э- ----------------- Сэ тхылъым седжэ. 0
S---th--ym se-zhj-. S__ t_____ s_______ S-e t-y-y- s-d-h-e- ------------------- Sje thylym sedzhje.
I read. Сэ-с-джэ. С_ с_____ С- с-д-э- --------- Сэ седжэ. 0
Sje ---zhje. S__ s_______ S-e s-d-h-e- ------------ Sje sedzhje.
You read. О --д--. О у_____ О у-д-э- -------- О уеджэ. 0
O-ue--h-e. O u_______ O u-d-h-e- ---------- O uedzhje.
He reads. Ар--х-у------- е-ж-. А_ (__________ е____ А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) е-ж-. -------------------- Ар (хъулъфыгъ) еджэ. 0
A- -h-----)----hje. A_ (_______ e______ A- (-u-f-g- e-z-j-. ------------------- Ar (hulfyg) edzhje.
I write. С--с-тх-. С_ с_____ С- с-т-э- --------- Сэ сэтхэ. 0
Sje sj---je. S__ s_______ S-e s-e-h-e- ------------ Sje sjethje.
I write a letter (character). Сэ--ук-э-с-т--. С_ б____ с_____ С- б-к-э с-т-ы- --------------- Сэ буквэ сэтхы. 0
S---buk--e-s--th-. S__ b_____ s______ S-e b-k-j- s-e-h-. ------------------ Sje bukvje sjethy.
I write a word. С--гущ--- -эт--. С_ г_____ с_____ С- г-щ-I- с-т-ы- ---------------- Сэ гущыIэ сэтхы. 0
Sj---us---I---sjethy. S__ g________ s______ S-e g-s-h-I-e s-e-h-. --------------------- Sje gushhyIje sjethy.
I write a sentence. Сэ-гу----у-ыгъэ -э-хы. С_ г___________ с_____ С- г-щ-I-у-ы-ъ- с-т-ы- ---------------------- Сэ гущыIэухыгъэ сэтхы. 0
Sje-------I--u--gj--sje---. S__ g______________ s______ S-e g-s-h-I-e-h-g-e s-e-h-. --------------------------- Sje gushhyIjeuhygje sjethy.
I write a letter. С- п-с-мэ -э-х-. С_ п_____ с_____ С- п-с-м- с-т-ы- ---------------- Сэ письмэ сэтхы. 0
Sj- -i----e sj-thy. S__ p______ s______ S-e p-s-m-e s-e-h-. ------------------- Sje pis'mje sjethy.
I write a book. С- тх--- с-т--. С_ т____ с_____ С- т-ы-ъ с-т-ы- --------------- Сэ тхылъ сэтхы. 0
Sje th-l sj-t-y. S__ t___ s______ S-e t-y- s-e-h-. ---------------- Sje thyl sjethy.
I write. С- --т--. С_ с_____ С- с-т-э- --------- Сэ сэтхэ. 0
Sje--j-thj-. S__ s_______ S-e s-e-h-e- ------------ Sje sjethje.
You write. О ----. О о____ О о-х-. ------- О отхэ. 0
O---h--. O o_____ O o-h-e- -------- O othje.
He writes. А- (х-у--ф--ъ)-ма--э. А_ (__________ м_____ А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) м-т-э- --------------------- Ар (хъулъфыгъ) матхэ. 0
Ar---ul-y-)---th-e. A_ (_______ m______ A- (-u-f-g- m-t-j-. ------------------- Ar (hulfyg) mathje.

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Internationalisms

Globalization doesn't stop at languages. This is evident in the increase in ‘internationalisms’. Internationalisms are words that exist in multiple languages. The words can thereby have meanings that are the same or similar. The pronunciation is often the same. The spelling of the words is usually very similar as well. The spreading of internationalisms is interesting. They do not pay any attention to boundaries. Nor to geographic boundaries. And especially not to linguistic boundaries. There are words that are understood on every continent. The word hotel is a good example of this. It exists almost everywhere in the world. Many internationalisms come from science. Technical terms also spread quickly and worldwide. Old internationalisms are derived from a common root. They have evolved from the same word. However, most internationalisms are usually borrowed. That is to say, words are simply incorporated into other languages. Cultural circles play an important role in the adoption. Every civilization has its own traditions. That is why not all new concepts catch on everywhere. Cultural norms decide which ideas will be adopted. Some things are only found in certain parts of the world. Other things spread very quickly around the world. But only when they spread do their names also spread. That's exactly what makes internationalisms so exciting! When we discover languages, we always discover cultures too.
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