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13 [thirteen]

Activities

Activities

13 [пшIыкIущы]

13 [pshIykIushhy]

IофшIэн лъэпкъхэр

[IofshIjen ljepkhjer]

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What does Martha do? Ма-тэ ---------р-р? М____ с___ ы_______ М-р-э с-д- ы-I-р-р- ------------------- Мартэ сыда ышIэрэр? 0
Ma-tje---da-------rjer? M_____ s___ y__________ M-r-j- s-d- y-h-j-r-e-? ----------------------- Martje syda yshIjerjer?
She works at an office. Ащ--ф-с---Iоф---шI-. А_ о_____ I__ щ_____ А- о-и-ы- I-ф щ-ш-э- -------------------- Ащ офисым Iоф щешIэ. 0
As---o-is-- Iof -h-es--je. A___ o_____ I__ s_________ A-h- o-i-y- I-f s-h-s-I-e- -------------------------- Ashh ofisym Iof shheshIje.
She works on the computer. А----м-ьюте--м рэ-а-ьэ. А_ к__________ р_______ А- к-м-ь-т-р-м р-л-ж-э- ----------------------- Ар компьютерым рэлажьэ. 0
A- ko--'j-te-ym -j-l-z-'--. A_ k___________ r__________ A- k-m-'-u-e-y- r-e-a-h-j-. --------------------------- Ar komp'juterym rjelazh'je.
Where is Martha? М-р-э-т--э щыI? М____ т___ щ___ М-р-э т-д- щ-I- --------------- Мартэ тыдэ щыI? 0
M--t-e----j- s----? M_____ t____ s_____ M-r-j- t-d-e s-h-I- ------------------- Martje tydje shhyI?
At the cinema. К---м щ--. К____ щ___ К-н-м щ-I- ---------- Кином щыI. 0
K-n----hhyI. K____ s_____ K-n-m s-h-I- ------------ Kinom shhyI.
She is watching a film. Ар -и--мэм епл-ы. А_ ф______ е_____ А- ф-л-м-м е-л-ы- ----------------- Ар фильмэм еплъы. 0
Ar-fi-'m--m ep-y. A_ f_______ e____ A- f-l-m-e- e-l-. ----------------- Ar fil'mjem eply.
What does Peter do? Пётр--ы-а-ыш-э---? П___ с___ ы_______ П-т- с-д- ы-I-р-р- ------------------ Пётр сыда ышIэрэр? 0
P-o-r syda -shI-e-jer? P____ s___ y__________ P-o-r s-d- y-h-j-r-e-? ---------------------- Pjotr syda yshIjerjer?
He studies at the university. Ар---ив----т---- щ---э. А_ у____________ щ_____ А- у-и-е-с-т-т-м щ-д-э- ----------------------- Ар университетым щеджэ. 0
A- univers--e--m --he----e. A_ u____________ s_________ A- u-i-e-s-t-t-m s-h-d-h-e- --------------------------- Ar universitetym shhedzhje.
He studies languages. А--б-эхэр ----г-а-Iэх. А_ б_____ з___________ А- б-э-э- з-р-г-а-I-х- ---------------------- Ащ бзэхэр зэрегъашIэх. 0
Ashh b----j-r-zj----as---eh. A___ b_______ z_____________ A-h- b-j-h-e- z-e-e-a-h-j-h- ---------------------------- Ashh bzjehjer zjeregashIjeh.
Where is Peter? Пётр---д- -ыI? П___ т___ щ___ П-т- т-д- щ-I- -------------- Пётр тыдэ щыI? 0
P-otr t-d-e-sh---? P____ t____ s_____ P-o-r t-d-e s-h-I- ------------------ Pjotr tydje shhyI?
At the café. Ка-э--щы-. К____ щ___ К-ф-м щ-I- ---------- Кафэм щыI. 0
Ka-j---s-hy-. K_____ s_____ K-f-e- s-h-I- ------------- Kafjem shhyI.
He is drinking coffee. Ар -----е-ъо. А_ к___ е____ А- к-ф- е-ъ-. ------------- Ар кофе ешъо. 0
A- -o-e-es--. A_ k___ e____ A- k-f- e-h-. ------------- Ar kofe esho.
Where do they like to go? Т-дэ к-----р-ах-- -к--с? Т___ к______ а___ я_____ Т-д- к-о-х-р а-э- я-I-с- ------------------------ Тэдэ кIонхэр ахэм якIас? 0
Tje-je kI--hjer-a---m---kIa-? T_____ k_______ a____ j______ T-e-j- k-o-h-e- a-j-m j-k-a-? ----------------------------- Tjedje kIonhjer ahjem jakIas?
To a concert. Ко-цер-ы-. К_________ К-н-е-т-м- ---------- Концертым. 0
Kon--rty-. K_________ K-n-e-t-m- ---------- Koncertym.
They like to listen to music. М-зыкэ--ед-Iунхэ--ахэ- як--с. М______ е________ а___ я_____ М-з-к-м е-э-у-х-р а-э- я-I-с- ----------------------------- Музыкэм едэIунхэр ахэм якIас. 0
M-z-kjem e--eI-n-j-- ---em jak-a-. M_______ e__________ a____ j______ M-z-k-e- e-j-I-n-j-r a-j-m j-k-a-. ---------------------------------- Muzykjem edjeIunhjer ahjem jakIas.
Where do they not like to go? Ахэм--ы-- -ы-эк---хэр я-ы-I-с-р? А___ т___ з__________ я_________ А-э- т-д- з-д-к-о-х-р я-ы-I-с-р- -------------------------------- Ахэм тыда зыдэкIонхэр ямыкIасэр? 0
Ah----t-da zy--ek--n--er----y--a-j-r? A____ t___ z____________ j___________ A-j-m t-d- z-d-e-I-n-j-r j-m-k-a-j-r- ------------------------------------- Ahjem tyda zydjekIonhjer jamykIasjer?
To the disco. Д----тек---а--. Д_________ а___ Д-с-о-е-э- а-ы- --------------- Дискотекэр ары. 0
Di-k--ekj-r----. D__________ a___ D-s-o-e-j-r a-y- ---------------- Diskotekjer ary.
They do not like to dance. А--м къ---о-ыр--к----п. А___ к________ я_______ А-э- к-э-ъ-н-р я-I-с-п- ----------------------- Ахэм къэшъоныр якIасэп. 0
Ah-e- k-esh--yr-ja-I-s---. A____ k________ j_________ A-j-m k-e-h-n-r j-k-a-j-p- -------------------------- Ahjem kjeshonyr jakIasjep.

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Creole Languages

Did you know that German is spoken in the South Pacific? It's really true! In parts of Papua New Guinea and Australia, people speak Unserdeutsch . It is a Creole language. Creole languages emerge in language contact situations. That is, when multiple different languages encounter one another. By now, many Creole languages are almost extinct. But worldwide 15 million people still speak a Creole language. Creole languages are always native languages. It's different with Pidgin languages. Pidgin languages are very simplified forms of speech. They are only good for very basic communication. Most Creole languages originated in the colonial era. Therefore, Creole languages are often based on European languages. One characteristic of Creole languages is a limited vocabulary. Creole languages have their own phonology too. The grammar of Creole languages is heavily simplified. Complicated rules are simply ignored by the speakers. Each Creole language is an important component of national identity. As a result, there is a lot of literature written in Creole languages. Creole languages are especially interesting for linguists. This is because they demonstrate how languages develop and later die out. So the development of language can be studied in Creole languages. They also prove that languages can change and adapt. The discipline used to research Creole languages is Creolistics, or Creology. One of the best-known sentences in the Creole language comes from Jamaica. Bob Marley made it world famous – do you know it? It's No woman, no cry! (= No, woman, don't cry!)
Did you know?
Finnish is the native language of approximately 5 million people. It is counted among the Finno-Ugrian languages. It is closely related to Estonian, and very distantly related to Hungarian. As a Uralic language, it strongly differentiates itself from the Indo-Germanic languages. An example of this is its agglutinating language structure. That means that grammatical functions are expressed through suffixed syllables. This is how long words originate that are so typical for Finnish. Another hallmark of Finnish is its many vowels. Finnish grammar distinguishes between 15 different cases. It is important to clearly separate long and short sounds in the intonation. Written and spoken Finnish are noticeably different from each other. This phenomenon is less pronounced in other European languages. All of this makes Finnish not especially easy. But all rules are consistently upheld. And the nice thing about Finnish is that it is so completely logical!