Phrasebook

en Parts of the body   »   ad Iэпкъ-лъэпкъхэр

58 [fifty-eight]

Parts of the body

Parts of the body

58 [шъэныкъорэ ирэ]

58 [shjenykorje irje]

Iэпкъ-лъэпкъхэр

[Ijepk-ljepkhjer]

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I am drawing a man. С--х-у-ъф---э-с--эт сэ---. С_ х_________ с____ с_____ С- х-у-ъ-ы-ъ- с-р-т с-ш-ы- -------------------------- Сэ хъулъфыгъэ сурэт сэшIы. 0
S-e--ul--gj---ur--- sje-h-y. S__ h_______ s_____ s_______ S-e h-l-y-j- s-r-e- s-e-h-y- ---------------------------- Sje hulfygje surjet sjeshIy.
First the head. Ы-э-а--I-- -ъх-э-. Ы_________ ш______ Ы-э-а-ш-э- ш-х-э-. ------------------ ЫпэрапшIэу шъхьэр. 0
Y-j-rap---j------'je-. Y____________ s_______ Y-j-r-p-h-j-u s-h-j-r- ---------------------- YpjerapshIjeu shh'jer.
The man is wearing a hat. Хъ-л--ы--эм -эI-----ъу- щы-ъ. Х__________ п___ у_____ щ____ Х-у-ъ-ы-ъ-м п-I- у-г-у- щ-г-. ----------------------------- Хъулъфыгъэм пэIо убгъур щыгъ. 0
H-lf-gje--pj--o ubgur-shh--. H________ p____ u____ s_____ H-l-y-j-m p-e-o u-g-r s-h-g- ---------------------------- Hulfygjem pjeIo ubgur shhyg.
One cannot see the hair. Ы---ьац-э---ъэ--агъ--эрэп. Ы_________ к______________ Ы-ъ-ь-ц-э- к-э-ъ-г-о-э-э-. -------------------------- Ышъхьацхэр къэлъагъохэрэп. 0
Ys--'----e- -jel-g-hje--ep. Y__________ k______________ Y-h-'-c-j-r k-e-a-o-j-r-e-. --------------------------- Yshh'achjer kjelagohjerjep.
One cannot see the ears either. Тх---I-м----- -ъэ--агъохэ--п. Т____________ к______________ Т-ь-к-у-э-э-и к-э-ъ-г-о-э-э-. ----------------------------- ТхьакIумэхэри къэлъагъохэрэп. 0
Th----u-je---r- -j-lago--er-e-. T______________ k______________ T-'-k-u-j-h-e-i k-e-a-o-j-r-e-. ------------------------------- Th'akIumjehjeri kjelagohjerjep.
One cannot see his back either. Тхы-Iэ-и к--лъ--ъ--эп. Т_______ к____________ Т-ы-I-р- к-э-ъ-г-о-э-. ---------------------- ТхыцIэри къэлъагъорэп. 0
Thy--jer- kj--ag--j-p. T________ k___________ T-y-I-e-i k-e-a-o-j-p- ---------------------- ThycIjeri kjelagorjep.
I am drawing the eyes and the mouth. С- ---эм-э----р--с-рэ- с---ы. С_ н______ ж____ с____ с_____ С- н-х-м-э ж-м-э с-р-т с-ш-ы- ----------------------------- Сэ нэхэмрэ жэмрэ сурэт сэшIы. 0
S-e-n----e---e--hjem------r-et---e-hI-. S__ n_________ z_______ s_____ s_______ S-e n-e-j-m-j- z-j-m-j- s-r-e- s-e-h-y- --------------------------------------- Sje njehjemrje zhjemrje surjet sjeshIy.
The man is dancing and laughing. Хъ-----гъэр -ъ---о ы-I--мэ-х-. Х__________ к_____ ы___ м_____ Х-у-ъ-ы-ъ-р к-э-ъ- ы-I- м-щ-ы- ------------------------------ Хъулъфыгъэр къэшъо ыкIи мэщхы. 0
Hu-fy-jer-k--sho y----m-esh-hy. H________ k_____ y___ m________ H-l-y-j-r k-e-h- y-I- m-e-h-h-. ------------------------------- Hulfygjer kjesho ykIi mjeshhhy.
The man has a long nose. Хъул-фы-ъэм -----Iых-э. Х__________ ы__ к______ Х-у-ъ-ы-ъ-м ы-э к-ы-ь-. ----------------------- Хъулъфыгъэм ыпэ кIыхьэ. 0
H-l-ygj-m--p-e---y----. H________ y___ k_______ H-l-y-j-m y-j- k-y-'-e- ----------------------- Hulfygjem ypje kIyh'je.
He is carrying a cane in his hands. А- -хъ--ъфыгъ)-б-щ ыIыгъ. А_ (__________ б__ ы_____ А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) б-щ ы-ы-ъ- ------------------------- Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) бэщ ыIыгъ. 0
Ashh-(hu-f--- bje-h--yIy-. A___ (_______ b_____ y____ A-h- (-u-f-g- b-e-h- y-y-. -------------------------- Ashh (hulfyg) bjeshh yIyg.
He is also wearing a scarf around his neck. Ащ ----л-ф--ъ- ------п--эд-лъ ещ---ыг-. А_ (__________ ы____ п_______ е________ А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) ы-ш-э п-ъ-д-л- е-э-I-г-. --------------------------------------- Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) ыпшъэ пшъэдэлъ ещэкIыгъ. 0
Ash----u--yg) -psh---ps-je---l es-hje-Iyg. A___ (_______ y_____ p________ e__________ A-h- (-u-f-g- y-s-j- p-h-e-j-l e-h-j-k-y-. ------------------------------------------ Ashh (hulfyg) ypshje pshjedjel eshhjekIyg.
It is winter and it is cold. Д-- к--м-- -кIи-ч--I-. Д__ к_____ ы___ ч_____ Д-ы к-ы-а- ы-I- ч-ы-э- ---------------------- Джы кIымаф ыкIи чъыIэ. 0
D----kIym-f y----c--Ij-. D___ k_____ y___ c______ D-h- k-y-a- y-I- c-y-j-. ------------------------ Dzhy kIymaf ykIi chyIje.
The arms are athletic. ЫI-х---л----х. Ы_____ л______ Ы-э-э- л-э-ы-. -------------- ЫIэхэр лъэшых. 0
Y----je- -----y-. Y_______ l_______ Y-j-h-e- l-e-h-h- ----------------- YIjehjer ljeshyh.
The legs are also athletic. Ы-ъ-к--------ъэшы-. Ы__________ л______ Ы-ъ-к-о-э-и л-э-ы-. ------------------- Ылъакъохэри лъэшых. 0
Yla-o-jeri-ljes-y-. Y_________ l_______ Y-a-o-j-r- l-e-h-h- ------------------- Ylakohjeri ljeshyh.
The man is made of snow. Х----ф--ъ-- --ым-хэ--ы--ыг-. Х__________ о___ х__________ Х-у-ъ-ы-ъ-р о-ы- х-ш-ы-I-г-. ---------------------------- Хъулъфыгъэр осым хэшIыкIыгъ. 0
Hul-y--e---sy- ---sh----yg. H________ o___ h___________ H-l-y-j-r o-y- h-e-h-y-I-g- --------------------------- Hulfygjer osym hjeshIykIyg.
He is neither wearing pants nor a coat. Ащ (-ъу-ъ-ыгъ- гъо---джи ----тэу---ы-ъ--.. А_ (__________ г________ п_______ щ_______ А- (-ъ-л-ф-г-) г-о-ч-д-и п-л-т-у- щ-г-э-.- ------------------------------------------ Ащ (хъулъфыгъ) гъончэджи палътэуи щыгъэп.. 0
Ash--(hu-fy-) -o-c-jedzh--pa-t--u- --h-gjep-. A___ (_______ g__________ p_______ s_________ A-h- (-u-f-g- g-n-h-e-z-i p-l-j-u- s-h-g-e-.- --------------------------------------------- Ashh (hulfyg) gonchjedzhi paltjeui shhygjep..
But the man is not freezing. Ау-х----фыгъэ- ч-ыI----э-э-. А_ х__________ ч____ л______ А- х-у-ъ-ы-ъ-р ч-ы-э л-э-э-. ---------------------------- Ау хъулъфыгъэр чъыIэ лIэрэп. 0
A- ---fyg-----hyIje ---er-ep. A_ h________ c_____ l________ A- h-l-y-j-r c-y-j- l-j-r-e-. ----------------------------- Au hulfygjer chyIje lIjerjep.
He is a snowman. Ар--с---. А_ о_____ А- о-ы-I- --------- Ар осылI. 0
Ar -s---. A_ o_____ A- o-y-I- --------- Ar osylI.

The language of our ancestors

Modern languages can be analyzed by linguists. Various methods are used to do so. But how did people speak thousands of years ago? It is much more difficult to answer this question. Despite this, scientists have been busy researching for years. They would like to explore how people spoke earlier. In order to do this, they attempt to reconstruct ancient speech forms. American scientists have now made an exciting discovery. They analyzed more than 2,000 languages. In particular they analyzed the sentence structure of the languages. The results of their study were very interesting. About half of the languages had the S-O-V sentence structure. That is to say, the sentences are ordered by subject, object and verb. More than 700 languages follow the pattern S-V-O. And about 160 languages operate according to the V-S-O system. Only about 40 languages use the V-O-S pattern. 120 languages display a hybrid. On the other hand, O-V-S and O-S-V are distinctly rarer systems. The majority of the analyzed languages use the S-O-V principle. Persian, Japanese and Turkish are some examples. Most living languages follow the S-V-O pattern, however. This sentence structure dominates the Indo-European language family today. Researchers believe that the S-O-V model was used earlier. All languages are based on this system. But then the languages diverged. We don't yet know how that happened. However, the variation of sentence structures must have had a reason. Because in evolution, only that which has an advantage prevails…