Я-х--еў-бы---х-ц-ла-бы--уб-ч-к -------м---ком.
Я х____ б_ / х_____ б_ к______ к___ з м_______
Я х-ц-ў б- / х-ц-л- б- к-б-ч-к к-в- з м-л-к-м-
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Я хацеў бы / хацела бы кубачак кавы з малаком. 0 Ya k---seu b----kh-t-----b- k--achak-ka-y-- ma--ko-.Y_ k______ b_ / k_______ b_ k_______ k___ z m_______Y- k-a-s-u b- / k-a-s-l- b- k-b-c-a- k-v- z m-l-k-m-----------------------------------------------------Ya khatseu by / khatsela by kubachak kavy z malakom.
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I’d like a coffee with milk.
Я хацеў бы / хацела бы кубачак кавы з малаком.
Ya khatseu by / khatsela by kubachak kavy z malakom.
З ц--р-м----лі лас-а!
З ц______ к___ л_____
З ц-к-а-, к-л- л-с-а-
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З цукрам, калі ласка! 0 Z ts---am----l- -a--a!Z t_______ k___ l_____Z t-u-r-m- k-l- l-s-a-----------------------Z tsukram, kalі laska!
Я--аце- ---/---цел- ---ку-----ар-а-ы-- л---нам.
Я х____ б_ / х_____ б_ к____ г______ з л_______
Я х-ц-ў б- / х-ц-л- б- к-б-к г-р-а-ы з л-м-н-м-
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Я хацеў бы / хацела бы кубак гарбаты з лімонам. 0 Y--k--t--- b- - k-at-ela -y k-bak---r--t- z -----a-.Y_ k______ b_ / k_______ b_ k____ g______ z l_______Y- k-a-s-u b- / k-a-s-l- b- k-b-k g-r-a-y z l-m-n-m-----------------------------------------------------Ya khatseu by / khatsela by kubak garbaty z lіmonam.
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I’d like a tea with lemon.
Я хацеў бы / хацела бы кубак гарбаты з лімонам.
Ya khatseu by / khatsela by kubak garbaty z lіmonam.
Я -а----б-----аце----ы ---а--г--ба-- з-м-л-к-м.
Я х____ б_ / х_____ б_ к____ г______ з м_______
Я х-ц-ў б- / х-ц-л- б- к-б-к г-р-а-ы з м-л-к-м-
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Я хацеў бы / хацела бы кубак гарбаты з малаком. 0 Ya ---ts-u-by / --a-s--a by k-b-k-gar-at- z----ako-.Y_ k______ b_ / k_______ b_ k____ g______ z m_______Y- k-a-s-u b- / k-a-s-l- b- k-b-k g-r-a-y z m-l-k-m-----------------------------------------------------Ya khatseu by / khatsela by kubak garbaty z malakom.
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I’d like a tea with milk.
Я хацеў бы / хацела бы кубак гарбаты з малаком.
Ya khatseu by / khatsela by kubak garbaty z malakom.
У Вас -сц--цыг----ы?
У В__ ё___ ц________
У В-с ё-ц- ц-г-р-т-?
--------------------
У Вас ёсць цыгарэты? 0 U-V----os-s’ t-yga-et-?U V__ y_____ t_________U V-s y-s-s- t-y-a-e-y------------------------U Vas yosts’ tsygarety?
У --- --ць поп-ль----?
У В__ ё___ п__________
У В-с ё-ц- п-п-л-н-ц-?
----------------------
У Вас ёсць попельніца? 0 U--as---st---p----’-іt--?U V__ y_____ p___________U V-s y-s-s- p-p-l-n-t-a--------------------------U Vas yosts’ popel’nіtsa?
Ц- -е з--й--ецца-- В-- п-ы-у--ц-?
Ц_ н_ з_________ ў В__ п_________
Ц- н- з-о-д-е-ц- ў В-с п-ы-у-ы-ь-
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Ці не знойдзецца ў Вас прыкурыць? 0 T-- -e-z---d-et--sa u -a- ---k--yts’?T__ n_ z___________ u V__ p__________T-і n- z-o-d-e-s-s- u V-s p-y-u-y-s-?-------------------------------------Tsі ne znoydzetstsa u Vas prykuryts’?
У -я----я-а-в-----ц-.
У м___ н___ в________
У м-н- н-м- в-д-л-ц-.
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У мяне няма відэльца. 0 U ----e-nyam--v-del’-s-.U m____ n____ v_________U m-a-e n-a-a v-d-l-t-a-------------------------U myane nyama vіdel’tsa.
У мян--ня-- лыж--.
У м___ н___ л_____
У м-н- н-м- л-ж-і-
------------------
У мяне няма лыжкі. 0 U my-ne ny--a ---h--.U m____ n____ l______U m-a-e n-a-a l-z-k-.---------------------U myane nyama lyzhkі.
Every language has particular features.
But some also have characteristics that are unique worldwide.
Among these languages is Trio.
Trio is a Native American language in South America.
Around 2,000 people in Brazil and Suriname speak it.
What makes Trio special is its grammar.
Because it forces its speakers to always tell the truth.
The so-called frustrative ending is responsible for this.
This ending is added to verbs in Trio.
It indicates how true a sentence is.
A simple example explains how exactly it works.
Let's take the sentence
The child went to school.
In Trio, the speaker has to add a certain ending onto the verb.
Through the ending he is able to communicate whether he saw the child himself.
But he can also express that he only knows it from speaking to others.
Or he says through the ending that he knows it's a lie.
So the speaker has to commit to what he is saying.
Meaning, he must communicate how true a statement is.
In this way he cannot keep anything a secret or sugarcoat anything.
If a Trio speaker leaves the ending off, he is deemed a liar.
In Suriname the official language is Dutch.
Translations from Dutch into Trio are often problematic.
Because most languages are much less precise.
They make it possible for the speakers to be vague.
Therefore, interpreters don't always commit to what they are saying.
The communication with Trio speakers is thereby difficult.
Perhaps the frustrative ending would be helpful in other languages too!?
Not only in the language of politics…
Did you know?
Macedonian is the native language of around 2 million people.
It is counted among the South Slavic languages.
It is most closely related to Bulgarian.
Speakers of both languages can communicate with each other easily.
The two languages differ from each other more in their written forms.
There have always been many different ethnic groups in Macedonia.
Naturally, this is also apparent in the vernacular.
It has been influenced by numerous other languages.
The neighbouring country of Serbia has especially influenced the Macedonian language.
The vocabulary contains many terms from Russian, Turkish, and English.
Such linguistic variety does not exist in many countries.
That is why it has been difficult for Macedonian to establish itself as its own language.
Macedonian literature has especially suffered from this situation.
Macedonian is now considered an established standard language.
For this reason, it is an important part of the Macedonian identity.