Phrasebook

en At the restaurant 1   »   fa ‫دررستوران 1‬

29 [twenty-nine]

At the restaurant 1

At the restaurant 1

‫29 [بیست و نه]‬

29 [bist-o-noh]

‫دررستوران 1‬

[dar resturân 1]

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Is this table taken? ‫--ا-این--ی- ---- اس-؟‬ ‫___ ا__ م__ خ___ ا____ ‫-ی- ا-ن م-ز خ-ل- ا-ت-‬ ----------------------- ‫آیا این میز خالی است؟‬ 0
â-â -n--iz-kh-l- --t? â__ i_ m__ k____ a___ â-â i- m-z k-â-i a-t- --------------------- âyâ in miz khâli ast?
I would like the menu, please. ‫-طف-ً--ی-ت --ا-----ه ---ب--ی--‬ ‫____ ل___ غ__ ر_ ب_ م_ ب______ ‫-ط-ا- ل-س- غ-ا ر- ب- م- ب-ه-د-‬ -------------------------------- ‫لطفاً لیست غذا را به من بدهید.‬ 0
lotfan---st-e-g-az--râ b--ma----d--id. l_____ l_____ g____ r_ b_ m__ b_______ l-t-a- l-s--- g-a-â r- b- m-n b-d-h-d- -------------------------------------- lotfan list-e ghazâ râ be man bedahid.
What would you recommend? ‫--صیه -م- چ--ت-‬ ‫_____ ش__ چ_____ ‫-و-ی- ش-ا چ-س-؟- ----------------- ‫توصیه شما چیست؟‬ 0
t--i---- sh------i-t? t_______ s____ c_____ t-s-e-y- s-o-â c-i-t- --------------------- tosie-ye shomâ chist?
I’d like a beer. ‫-----ج--م---وا-م-‬ ‫__ آ___ م_ خ______ ‫-ک آ-ج- م- خ-ا-م-‬ ------------------- ‫یک آبجو مى خواهم.‬ 0
yek-â---jo be m-n--i--â--m. y__ â_____ b_ m__ m________ y-k â-e-j- b- m-n m-k-â-a-. --------------------------- yek âbe-jo be man mikhâham.
I’d like a mineral water. ‫یک آب----نی-------ه-.‬ ‫__ آ_ م____ م_ خ______ ‫-ک آ- م-د-ی م- خ-ا-م-‬ ----------------------- ‫یک آب معدنی مى خواهم.‬ 0
ye--âb- -a--d------ m-n mi--â--m. y__ â__ m_______ b_ m__ m________ y-k â-e m---d-n- b- m-n m-k-â-a-. --------------------------------- yek âbe ma-adani be man mikhâham.
I’d like an orange juice. ‫-ک آب پ---ا- م------م-‬ ‫__ آ_ پ_____ م_ خ______ ‫-ک آ- پ-ت-ا- م- خ-ا-م-‬ ------------------------ ‫یک آب پرتقال مى خواهم.‬ 0
yek â----orte-h-l -e-ma- -ik---am. y__ â__ p________ b_ m__ m________ y-k â-e p-r-e-h-l b- m-n m-k-â-a-. ---------------------------------- yek âbe porteghâl be man mikhâham.
I’d like a coffee. ‫-ک -هو---- خ--هم-‬ ‫__ ق___ م_ خ______ ‫-ک ق-و- م- خ-ا-م-‬ ------------------- ‫یک قهوه مى خواهم.‬ 0
ye---h---e -- man m-------. y__ g_____ b_ m__ m________ y-k g-a-v- b- m-n m-k-â-a-. --------------------------- yek ghahve be man mikhâham.
I’d like a coffee with milk. ‫یک ---- -- ش-ر-م--خوا-م.‬ ‫__ ق___ ب_ ش__ م_ خ______ ‫-ک ق-و- ب- ش-ر م- خ-ا-م-‬ -------------------------- ‫یک قهوه با شیر مى خواهم.‬ 0
ye- -hahv--bâ-s--- ---man-mi-h---m. y__ g_____ b_ s___ b_ m__ m________ y-k g-a-v- b- s-i- b- m-n m-k-â-a-. ----------------------------------- yek ghahve bâ shir be man mikhâham.
With sugar, please. ‫-ا-شک-،---فآ ‬ ‫__ ش___ ل___ ‬ ‫-ا ش-ر- ل-ف- ‬ --------------- ‫با شکر، لطفآ ‬ 0
bâ -hekar--lot--n b_ s______ l_____ b- s-e-a-, l-t-a- ----------------- bâ shekar, lotfan
I’d like a tea. ‫-ن--ای----خ-ا---‬ ‫__ چ__ م________ ‫-ن چ-ی م-‌-و-ه-.- ------------------ ‫من چای می‌خواهم.‬ 0
m----e- c-â-e mikhâ--m. m__ y__ c____ m________ m-n y-k c-â-e m-k-â-a-. ----------------------- man yek châye mikhâham.
I’d like a tea with lemon. ‫من--ای -- ---و -ی‌-و-ه--‬ ‫__ چ__ ب_ ل___ م________ ‫-ن چ-ی ب- ل-م- م-‌-و-ه-.- -------------------------- ‫من چای با لیمو می‌خواهم.‬ 0
ma- -ek--h--e ---l-m- ---h-h-m. m__ y__ c____ b_ l___ m________ m-n y-k c-â-e b- l-m- m-k-â-a-. ------------------------------- man yek châye bâ limu mikhâham.
I’d like a tea with milk. ‫م- --ی----شیر--ی-خ-اه--‬ ‫__ چ__ ب_ ش__ م________ ‫-ن چ-ی ب- ش-ر م-‌-و-ه-.- ------------------------- ‫من چای با شیر می‌خواهم.‬ 0
m-n -e- châ-- bâ -h-r--i-h-ha-. m__ y__ c____ b_ s___ m________ m-n y-k c-â-e b- s-i- m-k-â-a-. ------------------------------- man yek châye bâ shir mikhâham.
Do you have cigarettes? ‫-ی--ر--ا-ی--‬ ‫_____ د______ ‫-ی-ا- د-ر-د-‬ -------------- ‫سیگار دارید؟‬ 0
si--- --ri-? s____ d_____ s-g-r d-r-d- ------------ sigâr dârid?
Do you have an ashtray? ‫---س-گ--ی-دا-ید؟‬ ‫_________ د______ ‫-ی-س-گ-ر- د-ر-د-‬ ------------------ ‫زیرسیگاری دارید؟‬ 0
z-- sigâr- --r-d? z__ s_____ d_____ z-r s-g-r- d-r-d- ----------------- zir sigâri dârid?
Do you have a light? ‫-ب--ت--ن-ک -اری-؟‬ ‫__________ د______ ‫-ب-ی-/-ن-ک د-ر-د-‬ ------------------- ‫کبریت/فندک دارید؟‬ 0
ke--------i-? k_____ d_____ k-b-i- d-r-d- ------------- kebrit dârid?
I’m missing a fork. ‫من چ-گ---ندارم.‬ ‫__ چ____ ن______ ‫-ن چ-گ-ل ن-ا-م-‬ ----------------- ‫من چنگال ندارم.‬ 0
ma- c-a--â- ---â---. m__ c______ n_______ m-n c-a-g-l n-d-r-m- -------------------- man changâl nadâram.
I’m missing a knife. ‫-ن--ار- -د-رم-‬ ‫__ ک___ ن______ ‫-ن ک-ر- ن-ا-م-‬ ---------------- ‫من کارد ندارم.‬ 0
ma- -â---n-dâra-. m__ k___ n_______ m-n k-r- n-d-r-m- ----------------- man kârd nadâram.
I’m missing a spoon. ‫م--قا-ق ن--ر--‬ ‫__ ق___ ن______ ‫-ن ق-ش- ن-ا-م-‬ ---------------- ‫من قاشق ندارم.‬ 0
m-n----s-o---na-â-a-. m__ g_______ n_______ m-n g-â-h-g- n-d-r-m- --------------------- man ghâshogh nadâram.

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Grammar prevents lies!

Every language has particular features. But some also have characteristics that are unique worldwide. Among these languages is Trio. Trio is a Native American language in South America. Around 2,000 people in Brazil and Suriname speak it. What makes Trio special is its grammar. Because it forces its speakers to always tell the truth. The so-called frustrative ending is responsible for this. This ending is added to verbs in Trio. It indicates how true a sentence is. A simple example explains how exactly it works. Let's take the sentence The child went to school. In Trio, the speaker has to add a certain ending onto the verb. Through the ending he is able to communicate whether he saw the child himself. But he can also express that he only knows it from speaking to others. Or he says through the ending that he knows it's a lie. So the speaker has to commit to what he is saying. Meaning, he must communicate how true a statement is. In this way he cannot keep anything a secret or sugarcoat anything. If a Trio speaker leaves the ending off, he is deemed a liar. In Suriname the official language is Dutch. Translations from Dutch into Trio are often problematic. Because most languages are much less precise. They make it possible for the speakers to be vague. Therefore, interpreters don't always commit to what they are saying. The communication with Trio speakers is thereby difficult. Perhaps the frustrative ending would be helpful in other languages too!? Not only in the language of politics…
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Macedonian is the native language of around 2 million people. It is counted among the South Slavic languages. It is most closely related to Bulgarian. Speakers of both languages can communicate with each other easily. The two languages differ from each other more in their written forms. There have always been many different ethnic groups in Macedonia. Naturally, this is also apparent in the vernacular. It has been influenced by numerous other languages. The neighbouring country of Serbia has especially influenced the Macedonian language. The vocabulary contains many terms from Russian, Turkish, and English. Such linguistic variety does not exist in many countries. That is why it has been difficult for Macedonian to establish itself as its own language. Macedonian literature has especially suffered from this situation. Macedonian is now considered an established standard language. For this reason, it is an important part of the Macedonian identity.